{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:16:29Z","timestamp":1790860589358,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]],"date-time":"2007-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1169164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4554,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case\u2010control study of larynx cancer was conducted within a cohort of automobile workers exposed to metal working fluids, commonly referred to as machining fluids (MF). Results are based on 108 cases of larynx cancer and 5:1 matched controls. Risks associated with specific types of MF, as well as specific components of the fluids were evaluated. Based on a retrospective exposure assessment, lifetime exposures to straight and soluble fluids, grinding particulate, biocides, selected metals, sulfur, and chlorine were examined. Exposure to asbestos and acid mists at two of the three study sites was also characterized.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results suggest that straight mineral oils are associated with almost a two\u2010fold excess in larynx cancer risk. There was also evidence of an association with elemental sulfur, commonly added to straight MF to improve the integrity of the materials under extreme pressure and heat. It is not clear whether sulfur is causally related to an excess relative risk of larynx cancer or whether the observed association is the result of unmeasured confounding by another contaminant or process feature. For example, the high stress operations that require MF enriched with sulfur are also more likely to produce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the process. Thus, the observed association with sulfur may be due to an association with PAH.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The finding of excess risk of laryngeal cancer associated with MF is consistent with several previous reports in the literature. This is the first study, however, to distinguish straight mineral oils from other types of MF. Based on these findings, a general reduction in concentrations of straight mineral oil particulate in occupational environments would be prudent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700260205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,21]],"date-time":"2007-04-21T00:17:02Z","timestamp":1177114622000},"page":"185-202","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Mortality studies of machining fluid exposure in the automobile industry III: A case\u2010control study of larynx cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ellen A.","family":"Eisen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paige E.","family":"Tolbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn F.","family":"Hallock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard R.","family":"Monson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan R.","family":"Woskie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700200404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"554","volume-title":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention","author":"Austin DF","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2720"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Parrafin epithelioma of the scrotum","volume":"22","author":"Bell J","year":"1976","journal-title":"Edinburgh Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1969.10666930"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700170604"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"247","article-title":"Specifications for cutting oils with special reference to carcinogenicity","volume":"57","author":"Catchpole WM","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Inst Petroleum"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Research Methods in Occupational Epidemiology","author":"Checkoway H","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2243"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(81)90050-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1976.tb23098.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"803","article-title":"Mortality studies of machining fluid exposure in the automobile industry I: A standardized mortality ratio analysis","volume":"10","author":"Eisen EA","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"EisenEA TolbertPE MonsonRR SmithTJ WoskieSR HammondSK(1992b):Full cohort analysis of digestive and respiratory cancer risk among autoworkers. 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