{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:27:27Z","timestamp":1786976847611,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]],"date-time":"2007-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1169164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4554,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A chromium electroplating worker, suffering from epistaxis during work, was found to have nasal septum perforation. To determine the etiology and prevalence of nasal septum lesions, we conducted a survey of seven chromium electroplating factories and examined 79 workers. Forty workers from three aluminum electroplating factories were also enrolled as the reference group. Subjects were thoroughly examined by an otolaryngologist and each of them provided a blood and urine sample. A questionnaire interview regarding symptoms of the upper respiratory tract, past medical history, life style, and work history was also conducted. Air chromium concentrations were measured by taking area samples for 4\u20136 hours. Based on field observation and chromium measurements, we divided chromium electroplating into three different exposure zones: workers directly dealing with electroplating tanks (n = 31), other process workers (n = 29), and office workers and drivers (n = 19). Among the 79 chromium electroplating workers, there were 16 cases of nasal septum perforation, and 42 with either scar formation or ulceration; 10 chromium electroplating workers developed skin ulcers after performing chrome plating. No workers from aluminum electroplating factories had any nasal septum or skin abnormalities. There was a consistent trend between the degree of chromium exposure and the signs and symptoms related to the nose, throat, and skin. Immediate improvement of occupational hygiene is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700260207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]],"date-time":"2007-04-20T20:49:28Z","timestamp":1177102168000},"page":"221-228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Nasal septum lesions caused by chromium exposure among chromium electroplating workers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"San\u2010Chi","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung\u2010Chieh","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang\u2010Chuan","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung\u2010Der","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances in the Workroom Environment","author":"American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices","author":"American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"558","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of chromic acid toxicity\u2014Nasal lesions in electroplating workers","volume":"13","author":"Cohen SR","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115089"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.1989.30.3.305"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"242","article-title":"Ulcerations of the nasal septum due to inhalation of chromic acid mist","volume":"34","author":"Kleinfeld M","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ind Med Sur"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"866","article-title":"Health hazard amongst chrome industry workers with special reference to nasal septum perforation","volume":"64","author":"Krishna G","year":"1976","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1983.10545822"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"393","article-title":"Occupational cancer and other health hazards in a chromate plant: A medical appraisal. 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