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We summarize this evidence here, and present some plausible mechanisms which have been discussed in the literature. The link between silica exposure and autoimmune disease may have been missed in cohort mortality studies because autoimmune diseases are rarely underlying causes of death. Similarly, case\u2010control studies of autoimmune diseases have often failed to consider occupational exposure to silica. Further research is needed in occupationally exposed populations to verify this association. The link between respirable silica exposure and autoimmune disease may have some bearing on the possible association between silicone breast implants and autoimmune disease, although the nature of the silica involved is quite different in the two Situations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700280505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,21]],"date-time":"2007-04-21T17:18:16Z","timestamp":1177175896000},"page":"603-608","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Silica exposure and autoimmune diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Kyle","family":"Steenland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David F.","family":"Goldsmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"345","volume-title":"Environmental and Occupational Medicine","author":"Balaan M","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1994.9940373"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Immunological aspects of coal workers' pneumoconiosis","volume":"200","author":"Burrell R","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Scleroderma in gold\u2010miners on the Witwatersrand with particular reference to pulmonary manifestations","volume":"3","author":"Erasmus L","year":"1957","journal-title":"S Afr J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199406163302401"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"245","volume-title":"Epidemiology of Lung Cancer","author":"Goldsmith D","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700230605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"147","volume-title":"Silica, Silicosis, and Cancer: Controversy in Occupational Medicine","author":"Guidotti T","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(90)70062-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Industrial Disease Standards Panel(1992): Interim Report to the Workers' Compensation Board (of Ontario) on Scleroderma. 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