{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T04:06:54Z","timestamp":1771301214897,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The dairy industry\u2013a key industry for the economy\u2013remains a potentially hazardous industry across the nation. The literature on animal\u2010related injuries in the agriculture industry is sparse. This analysis aimed to describe cow\u2010related injuries, the utilization of workers' compensation, and the circumstances of the injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This mixed methods analysis of agricultural injuries focused on cow\u2010related injuries in hospital discharge and workers' compensation data during 2017\u20132023. Cases, aged 12 or older, were identified in the hospital discharge data using ICD10\u2010CM codes. Cow\u2010related claim injury narratives and industry and occupation data were extracted from workers' compensation data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During 2017\u20132023, cow\u2010related injuries represented 13.1% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092659) of agricultural injuries and were the second most predominant cause of work\u2010related agricultural injuries. These injury figures were stable, compared to a downward trend of non\u2010cow\u2010related injuries (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01). Young workers (12\u221234 years) and Hispanic workers had the highest burden for cow\u2010related injuries. The top five body parts affected by cow injuries were the upper (24%) and lower (23%) extremities, other head, face, and neck (22.1%), chest (15.2%), and traumatic brain injury (5.1%). Workers' compensation was used in 28.5% of cases identified in the hospital discharge data. Animal handling, lack of farm worker safety measures, and equipment safety were identified as factors associated with cow\u2010related injuries.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This analysis identified a surprising number of cow\u2010related injuries, including some life\u2010threatening injuries. It is important to continue to promote safety measures and injury prevention best\u2010practices to ensure worker well\u2010being and farm productivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.70009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T04:24:27Z","timestamp":1753244667000},"page":"856-866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cow\u2010Related Injuries in Wisconsin During 2017\u22122023"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8156-6767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Komi K. S.","family":"Modji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Department of Health Services Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8939-8550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"McCoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Department of Health Services Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8432-0017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul D.","family":"Creswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Department of Health Services Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9775-2393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morris R.","family":"Collin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Department of Health Services Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2752-6673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carrie","family":"Tomasallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Department of Health Services Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2519-8872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheryl","family":"Bedno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Department of Health Services Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"M.Dykes \u201cUS Dairy Industry's Economic Impact Totals $753 Billion \u201d International Dairy Foods Association 2021 https:\/\/www.idfa.org\/news\/u-s-dairy-industrys-economic-impact-totals-753-billion."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"48","volume-title":"The Contribution of Agriculture to the Wisconsin Economy","author":"Deller S.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"\u201cCensus of Agriculture: Wisconsin State and County Data. 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Many of Those Deaths Are Never Investigated \u201d ProPublica Updated October 25 2023 https:\/\/www.jsonline.com\/story\/news\/local\/wisconsin\/2023\/10\/25\/many-deaths-on-wisconsin-small-dairy-farms-are-never-investigated-osha\/71304427007\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"M.SanchezandM.Jameel \u201cImmigrant Workers Say There's More to the Story in 2019 Death of 8\u2010Year\u2010Old Boy on Wisconsin Dairy Farm \u201d MinnPost accessed February 26 2025 https:\/\/www.minnpost.com\/other-nonprofit-media\/2023\/10\/immigrant-workers-say-theres-more-to-the-story-in-2019-death-of-8-year-old-boy-on-wisconsin-dairy-farm\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"M.SanchezandM.Jameel \u201cOSHA Investigates Small Dairy Farms So Rarely That Many Worker Advocates Don't Bother to Report Deaths and Injuries \u201d ProPublica 2023 https:\/\/www.propublica.org\/article\/osha-small-dairy-farms-deaths-injuries-never-investigated."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22800"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1059924X.2019.1606746"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1059924X.2013.812771"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"\u201cNational Agricultural Workers Survey 2019\u20102020 Selected Statistics \u201d US Department of Labor United States Department of Agriculture accessed February 26 2025 https:\/\/www.farmworkerjustice.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/NAWS-data-fact-sheet-FINAL.docx-3.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"\u201cDemographic Profile of Wisconsin Workers \u201d Wisconsin Department of Health Services Division of Public Health Office of Health Informatics Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Health 2025 https:\/\/www.dhs.wisconsin.gov\/occupational-health\/worker-demographic-dashboard.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"\u201cFarming & Workers' Compensation in Wisconsin \u201d Department of Workforce Development accessed February 26 2025 https:\/\/dwd.wisconsin.gov\/dwd\/publications\/wc\/wkc-10447-p.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"R.Conniff \u201cTrapped on Wisconsin Farms: The Hidden Plight of Trafficked Workers \u201d Wisconsin Examiner March 14 2024 https:\/\/wisconsinexaminer.com\/2024\/03\/14\/trapped-on-wisconsin-farms-the-hidden-plight-of-trafficked-workers\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"\u201cSurveillance of Disease and Injury in Wisconsin Dairy Farmers and Workers \u201d Upper Midwest Agricultural Safety and Health Center 2016 https:\/\/umash.umn.edu\/portfolio\/surveillance-of-disease-and-injury-in-wisconsin-dairy-farmers-and-workers\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"\u201cNational Children's Center for Rural and Agricultural Health and Safety \u201d US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention accessed February 26 2025 https:\/\/www.marshfieldresearch.org\/nccrahs."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","unstructured":"\u201cAgInjuryNews \u201d National Farm Medicine Center accessed February 26 2025 https:\/\/www.aginjurynews.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-024-00786-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2022.w30201"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JETS.JETS_92_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.35746"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"\u201cEmployment Regulations s. 35.18 (1) (b) Wisconsin State Legislature 42 \u00a7103 \u201d Wisconsin State Legislature 2025 https:\/\/docs.legis.wisconsin.gov\/statutes\/statutes\/103."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","unstructured":"\u201cHealthcare Information Wisconsin State Legislature 11 \u00a7153 \u201d Wisconsin State Legislature 2025 https:\/\/docs.legis.wisconsin.gov\/statutes\/statutes\/153.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","unstructured":"\u201cCDC\u2010NIOSH Industry and Occupation Computerized Coding System (NIOCCS)\u2010NIOSH \u201d US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health https:\/\/csams.cdc.gov\/nioccs\/HelpWebService.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-021-00300-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","volume-title":"Data From: American Community Survey","author":"Ruggles S.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12995-014-0037-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","unstructured":"\u201cPackage ICDPICR: \u2018ICD\u2019 Programs for Injury Categorization in R. 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