{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T18:26:48Z","timestamp":1787682408210,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long COVID may limit people's ability to carry out daily activities, including work. Little is known about the potential effect of long COVID on work limitations and absenteeism. We describe employment status and characteristics, work limitations, cognitive dysfunction, and sickness absenteeism among adults with and without long COVID.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using data from the cross\u2010sectional 2022 National Health Interview Survey, we estimated the prevalence (95% confidence intervals [CI]) of work\u2010related outcomes by long COVID status among US adults \u2265\u200918 years (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200926,270). Among employed adults with prior COVID\u201019 illness, we estimated crude and adjusted odds ratios for work limitations (compared to no limitations), cognitive dysfunction (some or a lot of difficulty with memory or concentration compared to no difficulty), and sickness absenteeism (\u2009\u2265\u200911 sick days compared to 0\u201310 days) in the prior year. All estimates account for survey design and are weighted to the US noninstitutionalized population. Analyses were conducted in 2024.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      3.4% of adults reported long COVID. Adults with long COVID more often reported being unable to work due to health or disability compared to adults without long COVID (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0006). Among employed adults with prior COVID\u201019 illness, long COVID was associated with higher odds of work limitations (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1\u20131.5), cognitive dysfunction (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1\u20131.5), and sickness absenteeism (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2\u20131.5) compared to those who did not develop long COVID.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long COVID was associated with work limitations, cognitive dysfunction, and sickness absenteeism among employed US adults. Workplace accommodations may be important considerations for people with long COVID.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.70014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T06:27:07Z","timestamp":1755584827000},"page":"909-919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Employment Status, Work Limitations, Cognitive Dysfunction, and Sickness Absenteeism Among US Adults With and Without Long COVID"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6463-5094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole D.","family":"Ford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases CDC Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra F.","family":"Dalton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases CDC Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7717-0102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deja","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases CDC Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Eagle Global Scientific Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hope","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases CDC Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara E.","family":"Luckhaupt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health CDC Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin C.","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases CDC Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Workforce Development, Public Health Infrastructure Center CDC Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Slaughter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases CDC Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"General Dynamics Information Technology Falls Church Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon R.","family":"Silver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health CDC Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Saydah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases CDC Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"A Long COVID Definition: A Chronic, Systemic Disease State With Profound Consequences","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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December 16 2024 accessed July 2 2025 https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/civil-rights\/for-providers\/civil-rights-covid19\/guidance-long-covid-disability\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1224332"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000003018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"Long COVID in the Workers Compensation System in 2020 and 2021","author":"Savych B.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"Older Workers Are Growing in Number and Earning Higher Wages","author":"Fry R.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume-title":"National Health Interview Survey 2022 Survey Description","author":"National Center for Health Statistics","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"The Washington Group on Disability Statistics. 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