{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T12:01:43Z","timestamp":1765627303902,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID\u201019 pandemic exacerbated social and economic inequities, with disproportionate job loss experienced by marginalized groups. This study offers a class\u2010based perspective to understanding inequities in pandemic\u2010related job loss in Michigan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from 2452 employed adults who participated in the Michigan COVID\u201019 Recovery Surveillance Study (MI CReSS), a population\u2010based sample of adults with PCR\u2010confirmed SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in Michigan. We defined seven social classes using an adaptation of Erikson and Goldthorpe's class scheme. Pandemic\u2010related job loss was assessed through self\u2010reported changes in employment status. Modified Poisson regression models were employed to estimate associations between social class and job loss, adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, education, essential worker status, survey modality, and pandemic phase.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty percent of respondents reported pandemic\u2010related job loss. In fully\u2010adjusted models, the self\u2010employed class had a 66% (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.26, 2.18) and the production class had a 60% (aPR 1.60, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.23, 2.09) higher likelihood of job loss compared to the manager class. Education modified the relationship between class and job loss, with those with more education within each class having a lower prevalence of job loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Distinct social classes were strongly associated with pandemic\u2010related job loss. Employment relations are a modifiable social determinant shaping vulnerability to economic disruption, underscoring the need for future research on class as a mechanism contributing to pandemic\u2010related health and employment inequities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.70036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T06:28:21Z","timestamp":1763792901000},"page":"32-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding Inequities in COVID\u201019 Pandemic\u2010Related Job Loss in Michigan Through a Social Class Lens"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2836-2017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoey","family":"Laskaris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Barry Commoner Center for Health and the Environment, Queens College City University of New York New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Coyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Department of Health and Human Services Bureau of Infectious Disease Prevention Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4371-9133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy L.","family":"Fleischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan School of Public Health Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.The Employment Situation \u2013 March 2021(U.S. Department of Labor 2021) 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