{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T07:08:56Z","timestamp":1778396936858,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A causal association between occupational asbestos exposure and lung disease, including pneumoconiosis and mesothelioma, is well established. Elevated mortality among former asbestos miners is expected. However, large\u2010scale South African studies examining all\u2010cause mortality in this population are lacking. We assessed all\u2010cause mortality among former asbestos miners recorded in the Asbestos and Kgalagadi Relief Trusts' Inyosi database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All\u2010cause standard mortality ratios (SMRs) and crude mortality rates (CMRs) were calculated for 11,343 ex\u2010miners. Mortality predictors were modeled using Cox regression analysis, and mortality trends were assessed by examining annual all\u2010cause CMRs and SMRs over the 20\u2010year study period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cohort's all\u2010cause mortality exceeded that of the general population by 4% (SMR\u2009=\u20091.04; 95% CI: 1.01\u20131.07), with excess mortality confined to women (SMR\u2009=\u20091.17; 95% CI: 1.09\u20131.25). Increasing ILO radiographic profusion category strongly predicted mortality, with adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) ranging from 1.13 (95% CI: 1.05\u20131.23) to 2.42 (95% CI: 1.58\u20133.71). Severely reduced lung function was also associated with increased risk, including forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity z\u2010scores below \u22123.0 (aHR\u2009=\u20091.60; 95% CI: 1.41\u20131.81 and aHR\u2009=\u20091.26; 95% CI: 1.12\u20131.42, respectively). Additional predictors included body mass index less than 18.5\u2009kg\/m\u00b2 (aHR\u2009=\u20091.46; 95% CI: 1.36\u20131.58) and previous smoking (aHR\u2009=\u20091.43; 95% CI: 1.35\u20131.53). SMRs declined over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiological and spirometric indicators were key predictors of mortality. These findings support risk stratification and targeted interventions, particularly early management of respiratory complications and smoking cessation, to reduce mortality. The excess female mortality highlights the occupational hazards of aboveground asbestos activities, gender\u2011specific work practices, and insufficient control measures in this setting. Although standardized mortality was only modestly elevated, interpretation was limited by incomplete data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.70077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T06:00:08Z","timestamp":1774504808000},"page":"446-460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Evaluation of Mortality Rates and Their Determinants in a Cohort of Former Asbestos Miners in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7091-1481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yumna","family":"Williams\u2010Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5736-9237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodney","family":"Ehrlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"teWaterNaude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahieda","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Occupational Medicine, Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"K.SelbyMesothelioma in South Africa. 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