{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:15:08Z","timestamp":1789168508268,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017082","name":"Fundaci\u00d3n Prevent","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017082","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Homecare aides (HCAs) are professional non\u2010family caregivers, who support dependent individuals to live at home with dignity; yet in Spain they remain understudied and vulnerable, often facing precarious working conditions. We aimed to characterize HCAs\u2019 employment, living conditions, health, and exposure to workplace violence and harassment, considering migrant background as a key axis of inequality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a sequential explanatory mixed\u2010methods study. Quantitative data came from an online respondent\u2010driven sampling survey of 324 HCAs across Spain, with stratified analyses by migrant background. Qualitative data were obtained through three focus groups and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Findings were triangulated during interpretation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggest that precariousness extends beyond the workplace, affecting everyday life, social relationships, and health. Quantitative results showed poorer health, higher exposure to workplace violence, and greater drug use among migrant HCAs. While the qualitative data did not fully account for these differences, they offered insight into possible underlying mechanisms, such as physically demanding work and lack of resources. Qualitative findings also confirmed greater exposure to different forms of violence and sexual harassment among migrant HCAs, while revealing broader gendered patterns of violence affecting the occupation as a whole.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A vicious circle of poverty, poor health, and workplace violence\/discrimination emerges, described by HCAs as their being \u201cpoor and enslaved.\u201d Migration background influences inequalities, but widespread structural precariousness tends to homogenize experiences, while gender dynamics further shape vulnerability. Urgent intersectional policies are needed to ensure decent work and protect HCAs\u2019 health and rights.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.70111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T04:12:03Z","timestamp":1783397523000},"page":"814-829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Essential, Yet Precarious, Mistreated, Sick and Medicalized: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed\u2010Methods Study on Homecare Aides in Spain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7153-4673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Navarro\u2010Gin\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de recerca en riscos psicosocials, organitzaci\u00f3 del treball i salut (POWAH), Institut d'Estudis del Treball (IET) Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Spain"},{"name":"Unitat de Bioestad\u00edstica, Facultat de Medicina Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3791-4696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Ferrer\u2010Rosende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de recerca en riscos psicosocials, organitzaci\u00f3 del treball i salut (POWAH), Institut d'Estudis del Treball (IET) Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Spain"},{"name":"Programa de doctorat en Metodologia de la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica i Salut P\u00fablica Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7010-373X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Feijoo\u2010Cid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament d'Infermeria Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Spain"},{"name":"Grup de recerca multidisciplinar en salut i societat (GREMSAS) FJGOL\u2010UAB, (2021SGR1484) Matar\u00f3 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Salas\u2010Nic\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de recerca en riscos psicosocials, organitzaci\u00f3 del treball i salut (POWAH), Institut d'Estudis del Treball (IET) Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6561-0131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Esteve\u2010Matal\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de recerca en riscos psicosocials, organitzaci\u00f3 del treball i salut (POWAH), Institut d'Estudis del Treball (IET) Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Stuardo\u2010\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament d'Infermeria Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Spain"},{"name":"Grup de recerca multidisciplinar en salut i societat (GREMSAS) FJGOL\u2010UAB, (2021SGR1484) Matar\u00f3 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"The Care Crisis: What Caused It and How Can We End It?","author":"Dowling E.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5569\/1134-7147.60.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Why We Care About Care? 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