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In the German prospective population\u2010based Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study, we analyzed longitudinal associations between shift work and night\u2010shift work with CVD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CVD was defined as a fatal or non\u2010fatal cardiac or cerebrovascular event or interventional coronary revascularization during an average follow\u2010up of 15 years. Retrospective shift\u2010work information was assessed as binary and as lifetime duration in years. Adjusted log\u2010linear Poisson regression models were applied to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the effect of shift and night\u2010shift work on incident events. Stratified analyses by sex, diurnal preference, and blue\u2010collar status were also performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Incident CVD was not associated with shift work (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093024; shift work for at least 1 year: IRR\u2009=\u20090.87, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.68\u22121.10; night\u2010shift work for at least 1 year: IRR\u2009=\u20090.87, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.66\u22121.14). However, we observed sex differences with reduced incidence of CVD for long duration of night\u2010shift work among men (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091369 with 380 night\u2010shift workers; model for duration of night\u2010shift work: 1\u2212\u2009&lt;\u200910 years: IRR\u2009=\u20091.08, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.74\u22121.57; 10+ years: IRR\u2009=\u20090.64, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.42\u22120.96). For women, we found slightly elevated IRRs (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091438 with 91 night\u2010shift workers; model for duration of night\u2010shift work: 1\u2212\u2009&lt;\u200910 years: IRR\u2009=\u20091.11, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.35\u22123.50; 10+ years: IRR\u2009=\u20092.05, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.75\u22125.61). These estimates were stronger in women that never worked in blue\u2010collar jobs (10+ years night\u2010shift work: IRR\u2009=\u20093.22, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.17\u22128.92).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We did not observe consistently increased risks of CVD with shift and night workers. However, stratified analyses pointed toward sex\u2010 and job\u2010specific vulnerable subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.70114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T07:18:55Z","timestamp":1783840735000},"page":"845-856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases for Shift Workers in the Prospective Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7708-7843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Wichert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) Ruhr University Bochum Bochum 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