{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:13:27Z","timestamp":1789168407107,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the first year of the COVID\u201019 pandemic, the federal government required most employers to provide paid sick leave on a temporary basis (through the end of 2020). To evaluate both the impact of this emergency paid sick leave and changes since its expiration, this study examines the annual percentage of workers reporting access to paid sick leave from 2019 to 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We calculated the prevalence of workers reporting access to paid sick leave using data from the National Health Interview Surveys for the years 2019\u20132023. We also calculated prevalence stratified by demographic and socioeconomic variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a small but statistically significant rise in the percentage of workers reporting access to paid sick leave in 2020 following the introduction of mandated paid sick leave compared to 2019 (2020\u2009=\u200967.6%, 2019\u2009=\u200962.0%). Many workers of color and those with less education and lower income did not see substantial increases in paid sick leave access.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Additional efforts at the federal or state levels will be required to expand paid sick leave to workers without it, including those in the construction, services, and retail sectors, part\u2010time workers, those employed by small businesses, and in alternative work arrangements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.70117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T11:24:59Z","timestamp":1784287499000},"page":"865-873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Changes in Access to Paid Sick Leave Since the Introduction of Emergency Paid Sick Leave"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7823-8153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devan","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Program, School of Arts and Sciences Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1404-3365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cora","family":"Roelofs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CPWR\u2014The Center for Construction Research and Training Silver Spring MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. C.Maclean S.Pichler andN. R.Ziebarth \u201cMandated Sick Pay: Coverage Utilization and Welfare Effects \u201d NBER Working Papers 26832 (2021) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3386\/w26832.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3979801"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Labor \u201cExecutive Order 13706 Establishing Paid Sick Leave for Federal Contractors \u201d September 2016 https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/agencies\/whd\/government-contracts\/sick-leave."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics \u201cPaid Sick Leave: What Is Available to Workers?\u201d Bureau of Labor Statistics accessed October 15 2024 https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/ebs\/factsheets\/paid-sick-leave.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"KFF \u201cState Policies on Paid Family and Sick Leave \u201d KFF State Health Facts https:\/\/www.kff.org\/state-health-policy-data\/state-indicator\/paid-family-and-sick-leave\/?currentTimeframe=0&=&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22%3A%22Location%22%2C%22sort%22%3A%22asc%22%7D."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"U.S. Congress \u201cDivision E\u2014Emergency Paid Sick Leave Act of the Families First Coronavirus Response Act \u201d 2020 https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/COMPS-15683\/uslm\/COMPS-15683.xml."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"M.LongandM.Rae \u201cGaps in the Emergency Paid Sick Leave Law for Health Care Workers \u201d June 17 2020 https:\/\/www.kff.org\/covid-19\/gaps-in-emergency-paid-sick-leave-law-for-health-care-workers\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000002784"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23469"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"S. M.Mitchell \u201cHistory of Paid Leave in the United States\u201d (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics March 2024) https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/sites\/dolgov\/files\/WB\/paid-leave\/HistoryOfPaidLeaveUS.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2021.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000293"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxab017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300482"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-071521-025257"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"J.Davis \u201cImpact of Employment Laws on Construction Worker Suicide\u201d CPWR\u2010Center for Construction Research and Training (2025) https:\/\/www.cpwr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/SS2025-Employment_Law_Worker_Suicide.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cAbout NHIS \u201d 2024b https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhis\/about\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau \u201cPoverty Thresholds \u201d January 15 2026 https:\/\/www.census.gov\/data\/tables\/time-series\/demo\/income-poverty\/historical-poverty-thresholds.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics \u201cEducational Attainment for Workers 25 Years and Older by Detailed Occupation \u201d August 28 2025 https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/emp\/tables\/educational-attainment.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u201cQuickStats: Percentage of Currently Employed Adults Aged \u226518 Years Who Have Paid Sick Leave by Education Level\u2014National Health Interview Survey 2021 \u201dMMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report72 (2023):473 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7217a6.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7217a6"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Industrial Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajim.70117","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ajim.70117","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajim.70117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T22:37:34Z","timestamp":1789166254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajim.70117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajim.70117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajim.70117","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-3586","1097-0274"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-3586","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0274","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}