{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T09:02:03Z","timestamp":1789981323186,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Industrial Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Administrative comparisons of work\u2010related disorders by sex can mislead without covered\u2010population and work\u2010distribution data. We estimated recorded occupational injury and disease episode rates from a Spanish mutual collaborator with the Social Security system and examined how contrasts changed after standardization for available employment characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective registry\u2010based study included 312,596 episodes of occupational injury or disease recorded during 2022\u20132025 among affiliates (covered workers) aged 16\u201375 years with sex reported as men or women. Annual affiliate counts were used to calculate episodes per 1000 annual affiliates, women\u2010to\u2010men rate ratios and rate differences. Rates were directly standardized by year and broad sector; employment type was added in sensitivity analysis. Commuting and travel during the working day were analyzed separately.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pooled all\u2010episode injury\/disease rate was 38.36 per 1000 annual affiliates among women and 61.20 among men (rate ratio 0.627, 95% confidence interval 0.622\u20130.631). After standardization by year and sector, the rates were 38.28 and 55.69, respectively (rate ratio 0.687, 0.682\u20130.693). The overall traffic\u2010coded rate was lower among women (rate ratio 0.915, 0.895\u20130.934), whereas the rate of all commuting episodes was higher (rate ratio 1.533, 1.502\u20131.565); travel during the working day was lower (rate ratio 0.675, 0.657\u20130.694).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Denominator\u2010based rates changed the interpretation of several occupational disorder proportions. Broad sector composition accounted for part, but not all, of the sex contrast. Occupational surveillance should link episode numerators to covered\u2010population denominators and distinguish commuting from travel during work.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.70139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T08:01:47Z","timestamp":1789977707000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recorded Occupational Injury and Disease Episode Rates by Sex and Sector in a Spanish Mutual Collaborator, 2022\u20132025"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4457-1680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia Fern\u00e1ndez","family":"Laviada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Andalusia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0349-3440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Cubero","family":"Atienza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of C\u00f3rdoba C\u00f3rdoba Andalusia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4799-5212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agust\u00edn S\u00e1nchez\u2010Toledo","family":"Ledesma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International University of La Rioja (UNIR) Logro\u00f1o La Rioja Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2005.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10225"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-016-0007-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2007.059774"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-021-00330-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23364"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22414"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2003.009860"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0274(200101)39:1<84::AID-AJIM8>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn304"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102083"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.4204"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2010.064097"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","first-page":"913","article-title":"Evaluation of Exposure Data From Men and Women With the Same Job Title","volume":"36","author":"Messing K.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130902915921"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19191\/EP21.5.P368.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23749\/mdl.v107i6.5339"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2019.102982"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3834827"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e31823c14cb"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/JPQD-RT1G-QKTK-JF2R"},{"issue":"261","key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","first-page":"103291","article-title":"Real Decreto Legislativo 8\/2015, de 30 de octubre, por el que se aprueba el texto refundido de la Ley General de la Seguridad Social","author":"Government of Spain","year":"2026","journal-title":"Bolet\u00edn Oficial del Estado"},{"issue":"279","key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","first-page":"40988","article-title":"Orden TAS\/2926\/2002, de 19 de noviembre, por la que se establecen nuevos modelos para la notificaci\u00f3n de los accidentes de trabajo y se posibilita su transmisi\u00f3n por procedimiento electr\u00f3nico","author":"Government of Spain","year":"2026","journal-title":"Bolet\u00edn Oficial del Estado"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","unstructured":"Ministerio de Trabajo y Econom\u00eda Social.Gu\u00eda de cumplimentaci\u00f3n del Parte de Accidente de Trabajo (PAT). 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