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In our X\u2010ray study of the feet of 71 adults with trisomy 21 we also detected a greater than normal number of sesamoid bones.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A corollary to Shapiro's hypothesis is a dependence on ethnic origin of the frequency of symptoms in Down syndrome. Compared to data from Europe, toe symphalangies are more prevalent in Japan. We predict this anomaly to occur even more often in Japanese patients with trisomy 21.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320180206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T19:42:31Z","timestamp":1118518951000},"page":"223-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Developmental pathogenesis of chromosome disorders: Report on two newly recognized signs of down syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"U.","family":"Langenbeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Blum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Wilkert\u2010Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Hansmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/20.4.653"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330540308"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320050411"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.7.4.338"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-68006-9_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Introduction to quantitative genetics","author":"Falconer DS","year":"1960"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Abnormal Fetal Growth: Biological Bases and Consequences (Dahlem Konferenzen)","author":"Gropp A","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5223.1965.tb01966.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001020303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"495","article-title":"\u00dcber die H\u00e4ufigkeit der Coalescenzen, Synostosen und Assimilationen der Fussknochen der Japaner und eine neue Coalescenz (Coalescentia cuneo\u2010navicularis I)","volume":"14","author":"Hasebe K","year":"1912","journal-title":"Z Morphol Anthropol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"438","article-title":"Untersuchungen \u00fcber die Ossifikation des Fussskeletts","volume":"5","author":"Hasselwander A","year":"1903","journal-title":"Z Morphol Anthropol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1966.tb00534.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Preface","author":"Jones KL","year":"1982"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"xix","author":"National Foundation\u2010March of Dimes","journal-title":"BD:OAS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Langenbeck(1965): Unpublished study."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.165.3897.1010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Mendelian inheritance in man. 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