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The group of individuals with NTD was compared to a group of 400 randomly selected non\u2010malformed control infants. Of over 50 maternal factors studied the following showed significant association with NTD in the offspring: diabetes mellitus; organic heart disease; lung disease; and diuretic, antihistamine, and sulfonamide use. The interval between the termination of the immediately previous pregnancy and the start of the proband pregnancy was significantly shorter in mothers of NTD children than in mothers of control infants. The risk for NTD was also significantly increased if the immediately previous pregnancy was a spontaneous abortion. There was no increased risk for NTDs among sibs of children with major malformations such as tracheo\u2010esopha\u2010geal \u201cdysraphism,\u201d cleft lip\/palate, or renal agenesis. NTDs are apparently etiologically heterogeneous.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320260405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T22:52:04Z","timestamp":1118530324000},"page":"783-796","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Studies in neural tube defects I. 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