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In eight fetuses who had joint contractures, micrognathia, and pulmonary hypoplasia, the cause of fetal akinesia could be attributed to an abnormal intrauterine environment restricting fetal movement. The other eight fetuses had pterygia across the immobilized joints, in addition to main manifestations of FADS. Since most of the fetuses with pterygia were of only 8\u20139 weeks developmental age, we suggest that embryonic onset of immobility interferes with limb development and results in joint fixation and pterygium formation, in contrast to fetal\u2010onset immobility, which causes joint contractures alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320290110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,12]],"date-time":"2005-06-12T03:05:11Z","timestamp":1118545511000},"page":"77-87","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Fetal akinesia deformation sequence in previable fetuses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagmar K.","family":"Kalousek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Optiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320160211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320170411"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420020105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Embryology and Pathogenesis and Prenatal Diagnosis","author":"Dimmick JE","year":"1977"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"133","author":"National Foundation\u2013March of Dimes","journal-title":"BD:OAS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Recent Advances and New Syndromes","author":"Elias S","year":"1978"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"243","author":"National Foundation\u2013March of Dimes","journal-title":"BD:OAS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1975.02120480060015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1052430"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1059546"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320170410"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320250112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Separating Pena\u2010Shokeir I syndrome from the \u201carthrogryposis basket","volume":"32","author":"Houston CS","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Can Assoc Radiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"247","article-title":"Intrinsic versus extrinsically derived deformational defects: A clinical approach","volume":"7","author":"Jones MC","year":"1983","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"KalousekDK PantzarTJA(1987): Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome in previable fetuses.Am J Med Genet(in preparation)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Pulmonary hypoplasia, multiple ankyloses. and camptodactyly: One syndrome or some related forms?","volume":"33","author":"Lazjuk GI","year":"1978","journal-title":"Helv Pediatr Acta"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320210407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"1419","article-title":"\u201cPena\u2010Shokeir\u201d syndrome in a newborn male infant","volume":"131","author":"Mailhes JB","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Cytogenetics. 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