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These included patients with Tourette syndrome (TS), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHA), or ADHD with a family history of TS (ADHD 2\u00b0 TS); relatives (parents, sibs) of these patients; other patients with TS\u2010like disorders; and controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p>There were significant decreases in the serotonin\/platelet ratio (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0001) and in tryptophan (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001) in unmedicated patients with TS. Parents of TS patients showed a comparable, significant decrease in serotonin\/platelet ratio (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001) and in tryptophan (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001), and there was no difference between parents with and without symptoms. This suggested that these were trait markers for the <jats:italic>Gts<\/jats:italic> gene and agrees with the proposal that TS patients are homozygous for <jats:italic>Gts<\/jats:italic> gene and that both parents are <jats:italic>Gts<\/jats:italic> gene carriers.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Although there was no decrease in the serotonin\/platelet ratio in ADHD patients, tryptophan levels were significantly decreased and there was a significant decrease in both the serotonin\/platelet ratio and in tryptophan in the parents of patients with ADHD including those without a family history of TS. This is consistent with a close link between TS and ADHD. The basic defect may be a <jats:italic>dysregulation<\/jats:italic> of serotonin metabolism.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The low blood serotonin and tryptophan levels in TS are consistent with the wide range of behavioral disorders seen in TS and suggest tryptophan oxygenase as a possible candidate gene.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320360410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,6]],"date-time":"2005-09-06T13:37:15Z","timestamp":1126013835000},"page":"418-430","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Blood serotonin and tryptophan in Tourette syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"David E.","family":"Comings","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1984.tb02488.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1979.01780020114013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01249132"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(84)80012-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1984.04050190077018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1961.tb13512.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/14.2.297"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(84)90027-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00402088"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.6.741"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(79)90053-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"293","article-title":"Serotonin and affective disorders","volume":"5","author":"Burns DD","year":"1979","journal-title":"Curr Dev Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410060109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.13.040173.001145"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1978.01770260123015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-7138(09)61046-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(71)80428-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"838","article-title":"A controlled study of Tourette syndrome. 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