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These studies have demonstrated that neural tube closure in the trunk region differs from that observed in the head. The cephalic neural folds elevate slowly, then make contact rapidly. Following this initial apposition, they gradually \u201czip\u2010up\u201d in the rostrad and caudad direction. In the trunk region where the neuroepithelium bulges adjacent to the somites, the edges of the folds pulsate and forcefully touch\u2010retract\u2010touch in these bulging regions; the intersomitic epithelia retract, remain open even after more posterior somitic regions have apposed, and then close slowly. Epithelial blebs and N\u2010CAM antibody were observed at the leading edges of the neuroepithelia. Between the open folds only a few bridging cells were seen; they probably represent the sites of initial cell adhesion following epithelial retraction. Focusing into the developing embryo shows that neuroepithelial fusion occurs prior to surface epithelial fusion. A meshwork of synchronously pulsating neural crest cells was identified below the surface epithelium and a preliminary investigation of their initial migration was conducted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320410315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,12]],"date-time":"2005-06-12T03:47:06Z","timestamp":1118548026000},"page":"333-345","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Neural tube and neural crest: A new view with time\u2010lapse high\u2010definition photomicroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Tina","family":"Jaskoll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Melnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00315078"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"The development of the nervous system in chickembryos studied by electron microscopy","volume":"7","author":"Bellairs R","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Embry Exp Morphol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Developmental and Evolutionary Aspects of the Neural Crest","author":"Bronner\u2010Fraser M","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320310509"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420340206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.07.030184.002011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Developmental and Evolutionary Aspects of the Neural Crest","author":"Erickson CA","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EricksonCA: (1988): Control of pathfinding by the avian trunk neural crest.Development [Suppl]103:63\u201380.","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.103.Supplement.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"437","article-title":"Surface modifications of neural epithelial cells during formation of the neural tube in the rat embryo","volume":"28","author":"Freeman BG","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"360","article-title":"Closure of the neural tube in relation to the developing somites in the chick embryo (Gallus gallus domesticus)(abstract)","volume":"118","author":"Gouda JG","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1050880104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(88)90194-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402040202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Anencephaly","author":"Lemire RJ","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Anencephaly: its spectrum and relationship to neural tube defects","volume":"10","author":"Lemire RJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(87)90154-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420030109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320260405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(89)90129-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402440309"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402410206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00210888"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00215700"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Sequential Atlas of Human Congenital Malformation. 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