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This was not an artifact of ascertainment bias because the sex ratio of gene\u2010carriers was the same whether the pedigree was obtained through the proband's father or mother. Also, this effect was not observed in other disorders analyzed by the same method. Neither was the effect due to differential fertility because the number and sex of affected and unaffected children per gene\u2010carrier parent were not different for male or female gene\u2010carrier parents. There was no evidence that the missing male gene\u2010carriers were lost by selective spontaneous abortion. There was no deficit of male\u2010to\u2010male or male\u2010to\u2010female transmission, excluding simple X\u2010linked or simple mitochondrial inheritance. If genomic imprinting plays a role in the unequal female and male carrier frequencies in SB, penetrance should differ with parental sex. Penetrance was higher for off\u2010spring of female parents than of male parents, but the difference was not statistically significant. In addition, both male and female gene\u2010carriers were frequently found in the same pedigree. Thus, the present data suggest a possible role for imprinting in SB. \u00a9 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320440426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T16:28:56Z","timestamp":1118507336000},"page":"508-512","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Parental sex effect in spina bifida: A role for genomic imprinting?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Sansnee","family":"Chatkupt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Lucek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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