{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:06:26Z","timestamp":1790787986274,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,7]],"date-time":"2005-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1118102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4236,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Med. Genet."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effects of teratogens can be modified by genetic differences in fetal susceptibility and resistance. Twins of alcoholic mothers provide a unique opportunity to study this phenomenon with respect to alcohol teratogenesis. Sixteen pairs of twins, 5 MZ and 11 DZ, all heavily exposed to alcohol prenatally, were evaluated. They represented all available twins of alcohol\u2010abusing mothers who were on the patient rolls of the authors. The rate of concordance for diagnosis was 5\/5 for MZ and 7\/11 for DZ twins. In two DZ pairs, one twin had fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), while the other had fetal alcohol effects (FAE). In 2 other DZ pairs, one twin had no diagnosis while one had FAE. IQ scores were most similar within pairs of MZ twins and least similar within pairs of DZ twins discordant for diagnosis. Despite equivalent alcohol exposure within twin pairs, alcohol teratogenesis appears to be more uniformly expressed in MZ than in DZ twins. These data are interpreted as reflecting the modulating influence of genes in the expression of the teratogenic effects of alcohol. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320470612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T16:41:37Z","timestamp":1118508097000},"page":"857-861","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":174,"title":["Fetal alcohol syndrome in twins of alcoholic mothers: Concordance of diagnosis and IQ"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Ann P.","family":"Streissguth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Dehaene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Fetal alcohol syndrome in twin pregnancy","volume":"34","author":"Chansoff IJ","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420220110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(75)80919-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"431","article-title":"Phenotypic differences in upper genital tract abnormalities and reproductive history in dizygotic twins exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero: a case report","volume":"35","author":"Claman P","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197805112981906"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1983.02140370031011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"2639","article-title":"Aspects \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques du syndrome d'alcoolisme f\u0153tal: 45 observations en 3 ans","volume":"10","author":"Dehaene P","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nouv Presse Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"1002","article-title":"Diagnostic et pr\u00e9valence du syndrome d'alcoolisme f\u0153taal en maternity\u00e9","volume":"20","author":"Dehaene P","year":"1991","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Le syndrome d'alcoolisme f\u0153tal dans le nord de la France","volume":"23","author":"Dehaene P","year":"1977","journal-title":"Rev l'Alcoolisme"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"565","article-title":"Les cardiopathies des enfants ne\u00e9s de m\u00e8re alcoolique","volume":"71","author":"Dupuis C","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(88)90091-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"Genetic influences on brain growth restriction induced by developmental exposure to alcohol","volume":"10","author":"Goodlett CR","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91291-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"579","article-title":"Le d\u00e9pistage pr\u00e9coce de l'\u00e9thylisme","volume":"76","author":"LeGo PM","year":"1968","journal-title":"Presee Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"476","article-title":"Les enfants de parents alcooliques: anomalies observees, a propos de 127 cas","volume":"21","author":"Lemoine P","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ouset Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"226","article-title":"Avenir des enfants de m\u00e8res alcoo\u00f6liques (\u00e9tude de 105 cas retrouvr\u00e9s \u00e0 lage adulte) et quelques constatations d'int\u00e9r\u011bt prophylactique","volume":"39","author":"Lemoine P","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Malformations caused by drugs in pregnancy","volume":"112","author":"Lenz W","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"L'embryof\u00e9topathie alcoolique \u00e0 ile de la R\u00e9union: undrame social","volume":"24","author":"Lessure JF","year":"1988","journal-title":"Rev Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LoughnanPM GoldH VanceJC(1973):Phenytoin teratogenicity in man. 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