{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T19:07:57Z","timestamp":1767985677986,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,3]],"date-time":"2005-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3990,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Med. Genet."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of various chronic diseases was compared in 517 individuals with alopecia areata, and 2,969 of their first degree relatives. As previous reports have suggested an increased incidence of diabetes in relatives of patients with alopecia areata, special attention was given to the prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in the patients and in their relatives. Several immunologic diseases were increased in alopecia probands and relatives. Thyroid disease, vitiligo, Addison disease, and pernicious anemia were more prevalent in probands and in their relatives than in the general population. Specifically, a high rate of thyroid disease was found in probands (14.7%) and in their first degree relatives (4.2%). Only one proband had Type 1 diabetes, yet there were 14 sibs with Type 1 diabetes. Thus, Type 1 diabetes was significantly more prevalent in the sibs (1.2%) than in either the probands with alopecia (0.2%), or the general population (0.12\u20130.25%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05)). In contrast, Type 2 diabetes was not more common in probands or in sibs than in the general population. These data suggest that alopecia areata protects against Type 1 diabetes in predisposed individuals. The high rate of thyroid disease suggests that screening probands and first degree relatives for thyroid disease should be considered. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320510313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T17:15:25Z","timestamp":1118510125000},"page":"234-239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Increased risk for type I (insulin\u2010dependent) diabetes in relatives of patients with alopecia areata (AA)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Sue\u2010Jane","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamar","family":"Shohat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constance","family":"Vadheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Shellow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerome I.","family":"Rotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00262215"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00283644"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6131.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"885","article-title":"Immunologic aspects of hair loss","volume":"96","author":"Bystryn JC","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198106113042403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1968.tb12282.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1969.tb15967.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1989.tb02604.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"228","volume-title":"Introduction to Statistical Analysis","author":"Dixon WJ","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"1335","article-title":"Alopecia areata\u2014an autoimmune disease","volume":"1","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198605223142106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.36.3.355"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197801122980209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.40.4.478","article-title":"Implication of specific DQB1 alleles in genetic susceptibility and resistance by identification of IDDM siblings with novel HLA\u2010DQB1 allele and unusual DR1 and DR1 haplotypes","volume":"40","author":"Erlich HA","year":"1991","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198611273152206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-83-2-170"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1981.tb01200.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Clinical and immunologic associations of alopecia areata","volume":"4","author":"Friedmann PS","year":"1985","journal-title":"Semin Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555549180188","article-title":"Alopecia areata: A follow\u2010up investigation of outpatient material","volume":"49","author":"Gip L","year":"1969","journal-title":"Acta Dermatol Venerol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"21","volume-title":"The Genetics and Heterogeneity of Common Gastrointestinal Disorders","author":"Grossman MI","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.36.4.523","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance and plasma glucose levels in US population aged 20\u201374","volume":"36","author":"Harris MI","year":"1987","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)00891-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1977.01640010049006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"149","volume-title":"The Genetics and Heterogeneity of Common Gastrointestinal Disorders","author":"Irvine JW","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1973.01620180061019","article-title":"Alopecia areata","volume":"107","author":"Kern F","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","series-title":"NIH publication No. 85\u20131468","volume-title":"Diabetes in America","author":"LaPorte RE","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1978.03280390079031","article-title":"Vitiligo. What is it?. Is it important","volume":"239","author":"Lerner AB","year":"1978","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.38.4.534"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(68)90948-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)70170-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(84)80450-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12702937"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1963.01590210048007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.09.040191.002425"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(81)90420-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00404452"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1969.tb07363.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(80)80472-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80316-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","first-page":"413","volume-title":"The Genetic Basis of Common Diseases","author":"Rotter JI","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1977.tb01340.x"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Medical Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajmg.1320510313","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.1320510313","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T09:03:54Z","timestamp":1698224634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajmg.1320510313"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajmg.1320510313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.1320510313","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-7299","1096-8628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-7299","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-8628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]}}}