{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T17:03:37Z","timestamp":1791133417136,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,7]],"date-time":"2005-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1118102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3932,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Med. Genet."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In recent studies children with Williams\u2010Beuren syndrome (WBS) have been characterized as having a distinct neuropsychological profile with verbal abilities being superior to visuo\u2010spatial and motor skills. An unusual command of language, including excessive use of verbal stereotypes, social phrases, and clich\u00e9s has been noticed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The aim of this study is to establish whether the quality and quantity of verbal behavior, and the articulation and tonal quality of the voices of children with WBS differ from other children with nonspecific developmental disabilities.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A group of 25 children with WBS and a control group of 25 children matched for age (4\u201310 years), sex (12 girls; 13 boys), and nonverbal reasoning abilities (mean IQ = 79) were investigated. The Heidelberg Language Development Test and a picture story were administered. The mothers were asked to answer a questionnaire to assess the articulation and the vocal characteristics of their children.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The results show that children with WB syndrome do not differ in most qualitative and quantitative tasks with regard to verbal competence. They produce significantly more correct plural\u2010singular formations than the control children (t = 2.49, P &lt; 0.01) on a primitive level of grammatical competence.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In general, their articulation was reported to be more exact and clear (t = \u22122.73, P &lt; 0.006). More mothers of children with WBS noticed a production of stereotypes, the use of social phrases, and clich\u00e9s than did mothers of the control children (Chi square = \u22126.67 P &lt; 0.005). Children with WBS were less likely to lisp as compared to the control children (Chi square = 2.08, P = 0.074).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Finally, the voices of the children with WBS were judged to be deeper, hoarse, and \u201crough\u201d than the voices of the control children. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320520308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T17:17:14Z","timestamp":1118510234000},"page":"291-296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Linguistic abilities in children with Williams\u2010Beuren syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Gosch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"St\u00e4ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Pankau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"273","volume-title":"Spatial Cognition\u2010Brain Bases and Development","author":"Bellugi U","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320370621"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Statistik\u2010Programm\u2010System f\u00fcr die Sozialwissenschaften SPSS 9","author":"Beutel P","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.26.6.1235"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Testbatterie f\u00fcr geistig behinderte Kinder TBGB","author":"Bondy C","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-08342-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-22593-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"403","article-title":"Verbal behavior of children with Williams syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Crisco JJ","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164482421003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320370622"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Studie zu psychologischen Aspekten bei Kindern mit dem Williams\u2010Beuren\u2010Syndrom","author":"Gosch A","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Heidelberger Sprachentwicklungstest","author":"Grimm T","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"50 Bildergeschichten f\u00fcr die Primarstufe","author":"Lassert U","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"1157","volume-title":"Mendelian Inheritance In Man. 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