{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:21:00Z","timestamp":1790932860101,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,7]],"date-time":"2005-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1118102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3902,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Med. Genet."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the spectrum of manifestations in neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) and to assess possible heterogeneity, we evaluated 63 affected individuals from 32 families. Work\u2010up included skin and neurologic examinations, audiometry, a complete ophthalmology examination with slit\u2010lamp biomicroscopy of the lens and fundus, and gadolinium\u2010enhanced MRI of the brain and, in some, of the spine. Mean age\u2010at\u2010onset in 58 individuals was 20.3 years; initial symptoms resulted from vestibular schwannomas (44.4%), other CNS tumors (22.2%), skin tumors (12.7%), and ocular manifestations including cataracts and retinal hamartomas (12.7%). Five asymptomatic individuals were diagnosed through screening. Vestibular schwannomas were documented in 62 individuals (98.4%); other findings included cataracts (81.0%), skin tumors (67.7%), spinal tumors (67.4%), and meningiomas (49.2%). Usually, clinical manifestations and course were similar within families but differed among families. To assess possible heterogeneity, we assigned affected individuals to three proposed subtypes (representing mild, intermediate, and severe NF2) based on age\u2010at\u2010onset, presence or absence of CNS tumors other than vestibular schwannomas, and presence or absence of retinal hamartomas. Comparisons among the three subtypes for many clinical parameters demonstrated that patients in the mild subtype differed from those in the other two subtypes for most parameters, but that none of the parameters distinguished patients in the intermediate subtype from those in the severe subtype. Thus, there are likely two rather than three subtypes of NF2. Classification of patients to subtype may aid in counseling about long\u2010term prognosis and in formulating individualized guidelines for medical surveillance. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#note1\"\/><jats:fn><jats:p>This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America<\/jats:p><\/jats:fn>\n.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320520411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T17:44:49Z","timestamp":1118511889000},"page":"450-461","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":343,"title":["Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2): Clinical characteristics of 63 affected individuals and clinical evidence for heterogeneity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Dilys 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