{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T11:52:51Z","timestamp":1762429971762},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,7]],"date-time":"2005-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1118102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3918,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Med. Genet."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comings et al. [1991: JAMA 266: 1793\u20131800] have recently reported a highly significant association between Tourette's syndrome (TS) and a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the dopamine D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>receptor gene (DRD2) locus. The A1 allele of the DRD2<jats:italic>Taq<\/jats:italic>I RFLP was present in 45% of the Tourette patients compared with 25% of controls. We tried to replicate this finding by using the haplotype relative risk (HRR) method for association analysis. This method overcomes a major problem of conventional case\u2010control studies, where undetected ethnic differences between patients and controls may result in a false\u2010positive finding, by using parental alleles not inherited to the proband as control alleles. Sixtyone nuclear families encompassing an affected child and parents were typed for the DRD2<jats:italic>Taq<\/jats:italic>I polymorphism. No significant differences in DRD2 A1 allele frequency were observed between TS probands, subpopulations of probands classified according to tic severity, or parental control alleles. Our data do not support the hypothesis that the DRD2 locus may act as a modifying gene in the expression of the disorder in TS probands. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320540311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T17:52:51Z","timestamp":1118512371000},"page":"249-252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Association analysis of the dopamine D<sub>2<\/sub>receptor gene in Tourette's syndrome using the haplotype relative risk method"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Markus 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