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The patients included 56 girls with Ullrich\u2010Turner syndrome, and 100 normal age\u2010 and verbal IQ\u2010matched female control subjects, whose ages ranged from 6\u201314 years. All girls with Ullrich\u2010Turner syndrome and the normal control girls received a battery of neurocognitive tests designed to evaluate the following domains: general cognition, memory, academic achievement, language, visualspatial\/perceptual skills, visual\u2010motor skills, attention, and affect recognition. Our results demonstrated consistent findings in Ullrich\u2010Turner syndrome girls across the age range studied. In general, the Ullrich\u2010Turner girls resembled control subjects in terms of verbal and language abilities. We found relatively depressed performance IQ and a significant verbal IQ\u2010performance IQ difference. Significant differences were observed on examination of nonverbal abilities. The Ullrich\u2010Turner girls performed more poorly than control girls on 1) tests of visual\u2010motor skills including the Beery Test of Visual\u2010Motor Integration, the Perceptual Organization Factor, and the Rey\u2010Osterrieth Figures; 2) tests of visual\u2010spatial skills, including the Motor\u2010Free Visual Perception Test; 3) tests of attention, including the Freedom From Distractibility Factor; and 4) the Affective Prosody Affect Recognition Test. Ullrich\u2010Turner subjects showed evidence of multifocal or diffuse right cerebral dysfunction and deficits generally involving nonverbal skills that may be due to X chromosome monosomy, gonadal dysgenesis, or both. Future studies will examine the role of estrogen replacement on cognitive function in Ullrich\u2010Turner syndrome individuals. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320580115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T18:04:23Z","timestamp":1118513063000},"page":"74-82","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Ullrich\u2010Turner syndrome: Neurodevelopmental changes from childhood through adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Judith 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