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There was significant heterogeneity in total prevalence rates among regions for omphalocele. Consistently higher than average total prevalence rates of omphalocele were found in the five centers of the British Isles. This was in large part linked to the association between omphalocele and neural tube defects. A significant female excess among the cases of omphalocele associated with neural tube defects, in comparison with an insignificant male excess for other cases of omphalocele, was observed. Geographical differences in the total prevalence of gastroschisis are partly explained by differences in maternal age distributions in the populations surveyed. Omphalocele was an isolated malformation in 46% of cases; gastroschisis was isolated in 79% of cases. The average birthweight and gestational age of both isolated and multiply malformed cases of both omphalocele and gastroschisis were low, especially for multiply malformed cases, and to a greater extent for isolated gastroschisis than for isolated omphalocele. Prenatal diagnosis leading to termination of pregnancy was reported in 33.2% of omphalocele and in 26.5% of gastroschisis cases, demonstrating the considerable impact of current prenatal screening programs. On the basis of clinical manifestations, epidemiologic characteristics, and the presence and type of additional malformations, omphalocele and gastroschisis can be considered heterogeneous conditions. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320580218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T18:04:36Z","timestamp":1118513076000},"page":"187-194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":161,"title":["Omphalocele and gastroschisis in Europe: A survey of 3 million births 1980\u20131990"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Calzolari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Dolk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Milan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Catamnestic investigations in children with malformations of the gastrointestinal tract and the abdominal wall","volume":"32","author":"Angerpointner TA","year":"1981","journal-title":"Z Kinderchir"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Statistical Methods in Medical Research","author":"Armitage P","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"470","article-title":"An epidemiological study of congenital malformations of the anterior abdominal wall in more than half a million consecutive live births","volume":"33","author":"Baird PA","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320440304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"BianchiF CianciulliD GalantiC GambiR PieriniA RomanelliAM SignoriniS\u201c1992\u201d:A cluster of birth with omphalocele in the province of Florence. 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