{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T12:36:35Z","timestamp":1791117395875,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,7]],"date-time":"2005-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1118102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3585,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Med. Genet."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Specific genetic hypotheses about the mode of transmission of bipolar affective disorders were examined by performing complex segregation analyses of Old Order Amish families. The analyses were performed on (1) the total set of 42 families including 689 relatives, 2) a subset of 19 families consisting of those kindreds sharing common ancestors within three generations that contained 333 relatives, and 3) a subset of 23 more distantly related families with 356 relatives. When all 42 families were included in the analyses, the specific mode of transmission that could be distinguished was dependent upon the diagnostic scheme used in the analysis. An autosomal dominant mode of inheritance could be rejected when relatives with bipolar I, atypical bipolar, major depressive disorder, and hypomania were included as affected. When analyses included only the subset of families more closely related, an autosomal dominant inheritance model was found to be consistent with transmission of BP I disorder. It was not possible to distinguish between other transmission models with broader diagnostic schemes in this subset of families. Finally, results of analyses on the subset of more distantly related families suggest that there is a significant proportion of Old Order Amish families in which the genetic factors contributing to the expression of bipolar illness are either polygenic or oligogenic. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320600406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T18:20:16Z","timestamp":1118514016000},"page":"290-297","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Complex segregation analyses of Old Order Amish families ascertained through bipolar i individuals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"David L.","family":"Pauls","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia N.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice S.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cleona R.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice A.","family":"Egeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00291773"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0193-49"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(92)90036-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.130.4.330"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041444-199321000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(81)90013-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(81)90014-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.135.4.463"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"1234","article-title":"A genome\u2010wide search for genes predisposing to manic\u2010depression, assuming autosomal dominant inheritance","volume":"52","author":"Coon H","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"196A","article-title":"Effects of misspecifying ascertainment on segregation analysis","volume":"35","author":"Cox NJ","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(89)90002-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Cultural factors and social stigma for manic\u2010depression: The Amish study","volume":"6","author":"Egeland JA","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.140.1.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/325783a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041444-199001020-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1978.01770310043002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.108.1.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.1993.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290100031006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(92)90037-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"274","article-title":"Segregation and linkage analyses in families of patients with bipolar, unipolar, and schizoaffective mood disorders","volume":"35","author":"Goldin LR","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1976.01770100049004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.160.1.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00220081"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1974.01760130055009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03372.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.140.1.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(92)90033-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.126.5.449"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1977.01770210088008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/342238a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199101000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","first-page":"816","article-title":"A unified model for complex segregation analysis","volume":"35","author":"Lalouel JM","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(77)90019-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700020432"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"692","article-title":"Morbidity risk and genetic transmission in manic\u2010depressive illness","volume":"26","author":"Mendlewicz J","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/268327a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(92)90072-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0193-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Genetic Studies in Affective Disorders: Overview of Basic Methods, Current Directions and Critical Research Issues","author":"Pauls DL","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-7543(91)90081-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820090031005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1966.tb11010.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"The distinction between unipolar and bipolar mood disorders. A 25\u2010years perspective","volume":"1","author":"Perris C","year":"1992","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Manic\u2010depressive illness. A clinical, social and genetic study","volume":"269","author":"Petterson U","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(85)90071-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1972.tb00767.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800170063009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(86)90031-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041444-199203000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1977.tb06679.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"A single major locus is the best explanation for bipolar family data: Results of complex segregation analyses","volume":"3","author":"Spence MA","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychiatr Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1978.01770300115013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199207000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(85)90065-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.146.3.268"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790080025003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290120033006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-8228-7_4"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Medical Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajmg.1320600406","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.1320600406","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T20:30:37Z","timestamp":1698352237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajmg.1320600406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,14]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajmg.1320600406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.1320600406","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-7299","1096-8628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-7299","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-8628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,14]]}}}