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Although a well\u2010defined anatomic diagnosis (e.g., Hirschsprung disease) can be established for a subset of patients, the pathological correlates for many patients are non\u2010existent or controversial. Intestinal neuronal dysplasia (IND) is frequently considered in the differential diagnosis, despite the fact that existence and significance of the abnormal histopathological features that characterize IND are hotly debated. This review highlights some of the concerns regarding this diagnosis including problems with the diagnostic criteria, the manner in which these criteria are applied in contemporary pathology practices, and the likelihood that many of the pathological findings are secondary consequences of impaired motility with no other clear clinical significance. Possible genetic and developmental bases for IND are also discussed. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.20470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,25]],"date-time":"2003-09-25T08:39:15Z","timestamp":1064479155000},"page":"287-293","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Neuronal dysplasia: A controversial pathological correlate of intestinal pseudo\u2010obstruction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"122A","author":[{"given":"Raj P.","family":"Kapur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(96)90499-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01621800"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Innervationsstorungen des Dickdarms\u2014Klassifikation und Diagnostik","volume":"12","author":"Borchard F","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pathologe"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0344-0338-00161"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2982.2000.00190.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"282","article-title":"Neuronal intestinal dysplasia\u2014Clinical and histochemical findings and its association with Hirschsprung's disease","volume":"41","author":"Briner J","year":"1986","journal-title":"Z Kinderchir"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(96)90418-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199701000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","article-title":"Evaluation of the Hox11L1 gene as a candidate for congenital disorders of intestinal innervation","volume":"31","author":"Costa M","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00176384"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.6.836"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"305","article-title":"Neuronale intestinale Dysplasie: Eine kritische 10\u2010Jahres\u2010Analyse klinischer und bioptischer Diagnostik","volume":"38","author":"Fadda B","year":"1983","journal-title":"Z Kinderchir"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"HOX11L1: A promoter study to evaluate possible expression defects in intestinal motility disorders","volume":"10","author":"Fava M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01148319"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.5.671"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2001.22959"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"344","article-title":"Clinical relevance of Hirschsprung\u2010associated neuronal intestinal dysplasia (HANID)","volume":"27","author":"Hanimann B","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119593"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Lipoblastomatosis combined with intestinal neuronal dysplasia","volume":"122","author":"Huang C\u2010C","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200011000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.52.Suppl_167"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408369991239204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(95)90570-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199307000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.6.853"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"537","article-title":"Intestinal neuronal dysplasia. 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