{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:15:44Z","timestamp":1787066144559,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,8]],"date-time":"2006-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The independent effect of consanguinity on the prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHDs), all and specific types, was investigated in newborns admitted to nine hospitals located in Beirut, Lebanon and members of the National Collaborative Perinatal Neonatal Network (NCPNN). Cases were 173 newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) of participating hospitals during the 3\u2010year period from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2002 and diagnosed during their hospital stay as having one or more CHD. Cases with chromosomal abnormalities were excluded. Cases with more than one CHD were assigned one principal malformation. Controls consisted of a random sample of 865 newborns without a CHD admitted to the NICU during the same period. After controlling for confounders, first cousin consanguinity remained significantly associated with an increased risk of CHD: infants born to first cousin marriages had a 1.8 times higher risk of having a CHD diagnosed at birth compared to those born to unrelated parents (95% CI: 1.1\u20133.1). In particular, first\u2010cousin marriage was a significant risk factor for ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), hypoplastic left heart (HLH), and single ventricle (SV). No association was found with d\u2010transposition of the great arteries, coarctation, pulmonary atresia (PA), atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The results of this study suggest a familial factor in the multifactorial etiology of CHDs. Additional epidemiologic and family\u2010based genetic studies are needed to understand the complex cause of CHDs. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,8]],"date-time":"2006-06-08T13:02:25Z","timestamp":1149771745000},"page":"1524-1530","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Consanguineous marriage and congenital heart defects: A case\u2010control study in the neonatal period"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"140A","author":[{"given":"Yunis","family":"Khalid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mumtaz","family":"Ghina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bitar","family":"Fadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chamseddine","family":"Fadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kassar","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashkidi","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghaith","family":"Makhoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamim","family":"Hala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1997.tb02447.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1994.tb04032.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007601919164"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20010215)99:1<8::AID-AJMG1116>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Congenital heart disease at a tertiary care center in Lebanon","volume":"15","author":"Bitar FF","year":"1999","journal-title":"Middle East J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.3.e32"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","unstructured":"Central Administration of Statistics S.2000.The State of Children in Lebanon. 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