{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T20:17:48Z","timestamp":1782332268458,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,12]],"date-time":"2006-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1165881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In recent years, an increase in the rate of gastroschisis has been documented in several countries throughout the world. Based on accumulating evidence that a maternal immunologic response to a novel set of paternal antigens may be involved in risk for several adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia, reduced birth weight, and preterm delivery, we tested the hypothesis that a pregnancy following a change in fathers (change in paternity) may be a risk factor for gastroschisis. Using a case\u2010control design, we compared the prevalence of change in paternity with the index pregnancy in 102 mothers of isolated gastroschisis cases to the prevalence of change in paternity in 117 mothers of non\u2010malformed infants and 78 mothers of infants with neural tube defects or oral clefts. In a multivariate analysis, the adjusted odds of change in paternity in multigravid case mothers were 7.81 times higher (95% Confidence interval 2.80\u201321.88) relative to multigravid mothers of malformed and non\u2010malformed controls combined, after adjustment for maternal age. These data suggest that maternal immune factors may play a role in the cause of gastroschisis. Further research is needed to corroborate these findings and to elucidate possible immunologic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of gastroschisis. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,12]],"date-time":"2006-12-12T23:34:22Z","timestamp":1165966462000},"page":"653-659","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Novel risk factor in gastroschisis: Change of paternity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"143A","author":[{"given":"Christina D.","family":"Chambers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian H.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Kalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Jernigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth Lyons","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)02007-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70134-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(03)00051-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199806000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"725","article-title":"Time trends of gastroschisis in 29 registries of congenital anomalies worldwide","volume":"15","author":"Di Tanna GL","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03470020063033"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390500361750"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420420408"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420470306"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(97)00056-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80640-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2004.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050500127674"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(99)00062-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.11.s1.7.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199911000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199903000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010122"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04240-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/014436100434622"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199710)56:4<241::AID-TERA2>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","first-page":"491","article-title":"Preeclampsia, a nested, case\u2010control study of risk factors and their interactions","volume":"41","author":"Mittendorf R","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.123608"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/375501"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","unstructured":"Public Health Service U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics.1997.Fertility family planning and women's health: New data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth;Series 23\u2010 No. 19; 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