{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T18:04:17Z","timestamp":1783101857209,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,26]],"date-time":"2007-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sirenomelia and caudal regression have sparked centuries of interest and recent debate regarding their classification and pathogenetic relationship. Specific anomalies are common to both conditions, but aside from fusion of the lower extremities, an aberrant abdominal umbilical artery (\u201cpersistent vitelline artery\u201d) has been invoked as the chief anatomic finding that distinguishes sirenomelia from caudal regression. This observation is important from a pathogenetic viewpoint, in that diversion of blood away from the caudal portion of the embryo through the abdominal umbilical artery (\u201cvascular steal\u201d) has been proposed as the primary mechanism leading to sirenomelia. In contrast, caudal regression is hypothesized to arise from primary deficiency of caudal mesoderm. We present five cases of caudal regression that exhibit an aberrant abdominal umbilical artery similar to that typically associated with sirenomelia. Review of the literature identified four similar cases. Collectively, the series lends support for a caudal regression\u2013sirenomelia spectrum with a common pathogenetic basis and suggests that abnormal umbilical arterial anatomy may be the consequence, rather than the cause, of deficient caudal mesoderm. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,26]],"date-time":"2007-10-26T18:42:40Z","timestamp":1193424160000},"page":"3175-3184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Five cases of caudal regression with an aberrant abdominal umbilical artery: Further support for a caudal regression\u2013sirenomelia spectrum"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"143A","author":[{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Duesterhoeft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda M.","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph R.","family":"Siebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj P.","family":"Kapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019605-200009030-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"83102","article-title":"A review of caudal dysgenesis and its pathogenesis as illustrated in an animal model","volume":"29","author":"Alles AJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Birth Defects Orig Art Ser"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Caudal regression syndrome and sirenomelia in only one twin in two diabetic pregnancies","volume":"31","author":"Assimakopoulos E","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"489","volume-title":"Manual of Antenatal Pathology and Hygiene:The Fetus","author":"Ballantyne JW","year":"1904"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4773(95)00350-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.9.2811"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420360104"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420090308"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"A well\u2010preserved human embryo of 10 somites","volume":"394","author":"Corner GW","year":"1929","journal-title":"Contrib Embryol Carnegie Inst Wash Publ"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15513819109064759"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7210598"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420040312"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.22.4507"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.36.186.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320410203"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.463"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.10022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","first-page":"393","article-title":"Sirenomelia in an infant of a diabetic mother. 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