{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:15:39Z","timestamp":1790630139858,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,20]],"date-time":"2009-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1250726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ankyloblepharon\u2013ectodermal defects\u2010cleft lip\/palate (AEC) Syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by ectodermal dysplasia, along with other malformations such as cleft lip and palate, and various secondary issues such as chronic sinusitis, otitis media, and conductive hearing loss (CHL). The International Research Symposium for AEC Syndrome convened at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. Patients with a suspected diagnosis of AEC syndrome attended, and members of the dental, dermatology, plastic surgery, otolaryngology, and audiology services examined each patient. Eighteen patients with a diagnosis of AEC were evaluated. Mean age was 7.5 years (range: 4 months\u201330 years). Fourteen of the 15 subjects tested (93.33%) demonstrated CHL, with seven showing moderate to severe hearing deficits (41\u201390 dB). Nine of 13 respondents reported hoareness or voice problems; 8 were noted to display this on examination. Fourteen of 16 subjects reported speech was below average for age; 8 were in speech therapy. All 18 subjects reported a history of otitis externa or otitis media. Eleven of the subjects (61.11%) required myringotomy and pressure equalizing (PE) tubes. All patients demonstrated cleft palate defects. Of these, 16 (94.11%) presented with clefting of the soft palate, and 10 (58.82%) showed hard palate defects. Three subjects (16.67%) were noted to have submucous clefts. Our experience leads us to propose that while the oroauditory problems in those with AEC syndrome is likely multifactorial, many issues may stem from palatal clefting. Despite this, some abnormalities persist following surgical cleft closure, which indicates other complicating factors are also involved. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,20]],"date-time":"2009-08-20T21:26:17Z","timestamp":1250803577000},"page":"1910-1915","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Facial clefting and oroauditory pathway manifestations in ankyloblepharon\u2013ectodermal defects\u2010cleft lip\/palate (AEC) syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"149A","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Cole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Hatef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoav","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Magruder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alanna","family":"Bree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj","family":"Sindwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Larry H.","family":"Hollier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947508400308"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(1996)033<0127:COTHHO>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200011000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/06-065"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200206000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016486009123134"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32790"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"72","volume-title":"Ectodermal dysplasias: A clinical and genetic study","author":"Freire\u2010Maia N","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3301.188"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1976.tb04384.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0385-8146(85)80136-X","article-title":"Postnatal development of the Eustachian tube and its surrounding structures\u2014A preliminary study","volume":"12","author":"Kitajiri M","year":"1985","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000021454"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0909-8836.1999.eos107206.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2003.01319.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001060050416"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2006.01227.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32789"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0004.2000.580601.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1973.00780010006002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"824","article-title":"Speech perception. 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