{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:25:48Z","timestamp":1792027548418,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,25]],"date-time":"2010-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spina bifida, a neural tube closure defect (NTD) involving the posterior portion of what will ultimately give rise to the spinal cord, is one of the most common and serious birth defects. The etiology of spina bifida is thought to be multi\u2010factorial and involve multiple interacting genes and environmental factors. The causes of this congenital malformation remain largely unknown. However, several candidate genes for spina bifida have been identified in lower vertebrates, including the planar cell polarity (PCP) genes. We used data from a case\u2013control study conducted in California to evaluate the association between variation within several key PCP genes and the risk of spina bifida. The PCP genes included in this study were the human homologs of the <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic> genes <jats:italic>Flamingo<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Strabismus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Prickle<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Dishevelled<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Scrib<\/jats:italic>, two of the homologs of <jats:italic>Xenopus Wnt<\/jats:italic> genes, <jats:italic>WNT5A<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>WNT11<\/jats:italic>, and two of the homologs of <jats:italic>Xenopus Frizzled<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>FZD3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>FZD6<\/jats:italic>. None of the 172 SNPs that were evaluated were significantly associated with spina bifida in any racial\/ethnic group after correction for multiple testing. However, several SNPs in the <jats:italic>PRICKLE2<\/jats:italic> gene had unadjusted <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value &lt;0.01. In conclusion, our results, though largely negative, suggest that the <jats:italic>PRICKLE2<\/jats:italic> gene may potentially modify the risk of spina bifida and deserves further investigation. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.33230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,25]],"date-time":"2010-01-25T19:33:46Z","timestamp":1264448026000},"page":"299-304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Planar cell polarity pathway genes and risk for spina bifida"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"152A","author":[{"given":"Shu","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiping","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura 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