{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T04:34:09Z","timestamp":1790051649195,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,8]],"date-time":"2011-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1310083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>First arch syndromes correspond to a wide spectrum of human latero\u2010facial congenital anomalies affecting cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) derivatives of the first pharyngeal arch (PA1). The abnormal traits display variable quantitative expression and are often unilateral. Mandibular skeletal defects are invariably accompanied by hypoplasia or agenesis of masticatory muscles, but no explanation has been proposed for this association. Indeed, during embryonic development, CNCCs give only rise to skeletal components of the head while muscles derive from cephalic myogenic mesodermal cells (CMMCs). Recent studies on animal models have shown that communication between CNCCs and CMMCs is essential for the development of masticatory muscles: genetic lesions affecting only CNCCs can prevent muscularization of the jaws. To evaluate the involvement of CNCC\/CMMC interactions in human craniofacial development, we performed a quantitative analysis of masticatory muscle and mandibular bone volumes on craniofacial CT\u2010scans from 8 children, ages 3 months to 16 years, affected by hemifacial microsomia. We found that: (1) in seven patients the masseter muscle is absent in the affected side; (2) the absence of masseter is correlated neither with the age of the patients nor with the volume and shape of the affected ramus; and (3) in all cases the pterygoid and the temporal muscles are either reduced or absent. Our findings suggest that an early developmental event is the origin of the muscular defects in these patients. We propose that the hypoplasia or agenesis of masticatory muscles derives from a defect in the CNCCs\/CMMCs communication during early embryonic development. \u00a9 2011 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.34095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,8]],"date-time":"2011-07-08T23:47:19Z","timestamp":1310168839000},"page":"1991-1995","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Masticatory muscle defects in hemifacial microsomia: A new embryological concept"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"155","author":[{"given":"\u00c9glantine","family":"Heude","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Rivals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9rard","family":"Couly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Levi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31290"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.114.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.129.4.1061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603730103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"641","volume-title":"Branchial arch and oro\u2010acral disorders","author":"Gorlin RJ","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004381"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1001582107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-004-0331-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200101000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200401000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411950060010301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.20643"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199704000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"292","article-title":"Facial musculoskeletal asymmetry in hemifacial microsomia","volume":"26","author":"Marsh JL","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"1033","volume-title":"Peterson's principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery","author":"Miloro M","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2007.00773.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.002501"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(2003)040<0006:VASOMM>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2009.05.548"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.120.9.2397"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/2180"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajmg.a.34095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.34095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T17:51:01Z","timestamp":1697651461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.34095"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,8]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajmg.a.34095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.34095","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4825","1552-4833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-4825","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,8]]}}}