{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:02:32Z","timestamp":1789642952390,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,9]],"date-time":"2012-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Noonan syndrome (NS) and Noonan\u2010related disorders [cardio\u2010facio\u2010cutaneous (CFC), Costello, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NS\u2010ML), and neurofibromatosis\u2010Noonan syndromes (NFNS)] are a group of developmental disorders caused by mutations in genes of the RAS\/MAPK pathway. Mutations in the <jats:italic>KRAS<\/jats:italic> gene account for only a small proportion of affected Noonan and CFC syndrome patients that present an intermediate phenotype between these two syndromes, with more frequent and severe intellectual disability in NS and less ectodermal involvement in CFC syndrome, as well as atypical clinical findings such as craniosynostosis. Recently, the first familial case with a novel <jats:italic>KRAS<\/jats:italic> mutation was described. We report on a second vertical transmission (a mother and two siblings) with a novel mutation (p.M72L), in which the proband has trigonocephaly and the affected mother and sister, prominent ectodermal involvement. Metopic suture involvement has not been described before, expanding the main different cranial sutures which can be affected in NS and <jats:italic>KRAS<\/jats:italic> gene mutations. The gene alteration found in the studied family is in close proximity to the one reported in the other familial case (close to the switch II region of the G\u2010domain), suggesting that this specific region of the gene could have less severe effects on intellectual ability than the other <jats:italic>KRAS<\/jats:italic> gene mutations found in NS patients and be less likely to hamper reproductive fitness. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.35270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,9]],"date-time":"2012-04-09T20:08:39Z","timestamp":1334002119000},"page":"1178-1184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["<i>KRAS<\/i> gene mutations in Noonan syndrome familial cases cluster in the vicinity of the switch II region of the G\u2010domain: Report of another family with metopic craniosynostosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"158A","author":[{"given":"Amanda S.","family":"Brasil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexsandra C.","family":"Malaquias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chong A.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Eduardo","family":"Krieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander A.L.","family":"Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre C.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora 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