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Using data (1997\u20132005) from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, an ongoing multisite population\u2010based case\u2013control study, the association between selected non\u2010genetic factors and non\u2010syndromic AVSDs was examined. Data on periconceptional exposures to such factors were collected by telephone interview from 187 mothers of AVSD case infants and 6,703 mothers of unaffected infants. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated from logistic regression models. Mothers who reported cigarette smoking during the periconceptional period were more likely to have infants with AVSDs compared with non\u2010smokers, independent of maternal age, periconceptional alcohol consumption, infant gestational age, family history of CHDs, and study site (aOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1\u20132.4). The association was strongest in mothers who smoked more than 25 cigarettes\/day. In addition, mothers with periconceptional passive smoke exposure were more likely to have infants with AVSDs than unexposed mothers, independent of maternal age, active periconceptional smoking, infant gestational age, and family history of CHDs (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0\u20132.0). No associations were observed between AVSDs and maternal history of a urinary tract infection or pelvic inflammatory disease, maternal use of a wide variety of medications, maternal occupational exposure, parental drug use, or maternal alcohol consumption. If the results of this preliminary study can be replicated, minimizing maternal active and passive smoke exposure may decrease the incidence of AVSDs. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.35555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,17]],"date-time":"2012-08-17T17:33:31Z","timestamp":1345224811000},"page":"2447-2455","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Analysis of selected maternal exposures and non\u2010syndromic atrioventricular septal defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997\u20132005."],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"158A","author":[{"given":"Sonali S.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trudy L.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo 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