{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:00:30Z","timestamp":1791270030326,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,13]],"date-time":"2013-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals has been associated with risk for male genital malformations. However, residential prenatal exposure to atrazine, an endocrine disrupting pesticide, has not been evaluated. We obtained data from the Texas Birth Defects Registry for 16,433 cases with isolated male genital malformations and randomly selected, population\u2010based controls delivered during 1999\u20132008. County\u2010level estimates of atrazine exposure from the United States Geological Survey were linked to all subjects. We evaluated the relationship between estimated maternal residential atrazine exposure and risk for male genital malformations in offspring. Separate unconditional logistic regression analyses were conducted for hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and small penis. We observed modest, but consistent, associations between medium\u2010low and\/or medium levels of estimated periconceptional maternal residential atrazine exposure and every male genital malformation category evaluated (e.g., adjusted odds ratio for medium compared to low atrazine levels and all male genital malformations: 1.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.1\u20131.3). Previous literature from animal and epidemiological studies supports our findings. Our results provide further evidence of a suspected teratogenic role of atrazine. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.35815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,14]],"date-time":"2013-03-14T09:32:37Z","timestamp":1363253557000},"page":"977-982","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Case\u2013<scp>C<\/scp>ontrol Study of Maternal Residential Atrazine Exposure and Male Genital Malformations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"A.J.","family":"Agopian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics Center, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences University of Texas School of Public Health Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Lupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hematology\u2013Oncology Section, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Canfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services Austin, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Langlois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services Austin, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.2003.Toxicological profile for atrazine. 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