{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:02:50Z","timestamp":1792612970536,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,29]],"date-time":"2013-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["635500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["635500"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["1044543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1044543"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Spondylocostal dysotosis (SCD) is a rare developmental congenital abnormality of the axial skeleton. Mutation of genes in the Notch signaling pathway cause SCD types 1\u20135. Dextrocardia with <jats:italic>situs inversus<\/jats:italic> is a rare congenital malformation in which the thoracic and abdominal organs are mirror images of normal. Such laterality defects are associated with gene mutations in the Nodal signaling pathway or cilia assembly or function. We investigated two distantly related individuals with a rare combination of severe segmental defects of the vertebrae (SDV) and dextrocardia with <jats:italic>situs inversus<\/jats:italic>. We found that both individuals were homozygous for the same mutation in <jats:italic>HES7<\/jats:italic>, and that this mutation caused a significant reduction of HES7 protein function; <jats:italic>HES7<\/jats:italic> mutation causes SCD4. Two other individuals with SDV from two unrelated families were found to be homozygous for the same mutation. Interestingly, although the penetrance of the vertebral defects was complete, only 3\/7 had dextrocardia with <jats:italic>situs inversus<\/jats:italic>, suggesting randomization of left\u2013right patterning. Two of the affected individuals presented with neural tube malformations including myelomeningocele, spina bifida occulta and\/or Chiari II malformation. Such neural tube phenotypes are shared with the originally identified SCD4 patient, but have not been reported in the other forms of SCD. In conclusion, it appears that mutation of <jats:italic>HES7<\/jats:italic> is uniquely associated with defects in vertebral, heart and neural tube formation, and this observation will help provide a discriminatory diagnostic guide in patients with SCD, as well as inform molecular genetic testing. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,29]],"date-time":"2013-07-29T19:49:45Z","timestamp":1375127385000},"page":"2244-2249","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Mutation of <i>HES7<\/i> in a large extended family with spondylocostal dysostosis and dextrocardia with <i>situs inversus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Duncan B.","family":"Sparrow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute Sydney Australia"},{"name":"St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty 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