{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T06:45:01Z","timestamp":1773297901877,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,18]],"date-time":"2014-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>\u201cHabsburg Jaw\u201d is a frequently used eponymous designation for patients with mandibular prognathism, hyperplasia, or overgrowth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate portraits of the Spanish Habsburgs to determine the relative contributions of maxillary deficiency and mandibular prognathism to overall facial appearance. Representative portraits of the Spanish Habsburgs were assessed by 4 investigators for the presence of 11 anatomic features of maxillary deficiency and 7 of mandibular prognathism. Each characteristic was given a binary score of 1 if present and 0 if absent. Thus, the maximum score would be 11 for maxillary deficiency and 7 for mandibular prognathism. A semi\u2010quantitative scale was established to determine the likelihood of each diagnosis: Maxillary deficiency: 0\u20134.99 (unlikely), 5\u20137.99 (likely), 8\u201311 (very likely); mandibular prognathism: 0\u20132.99 (unlikely), 3\u20135.99 (likely), 6\u20137 (very likely). Six of 7 Habsburg rulers were considered either likely or very likely to have maxillary deficiency, whereas 3\/7 were assessed as likely and 4 unlikely to have mandibular prognathism. The results of this study suggest that the primary deformity of the \u201cHabsburg Jaw\u201d is maxillary deficiency rather than absolute mandibular prognathism. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,18]],"date-time":"2014-06-18T23:20:35Z","timestamp":1403133635000},"page":"2263-2269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Habsburg Jaw\u2014Re\u2010examined"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Zachary S.","family":"Peacock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine P.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dentistry Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard School of Dental Medicine Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Mulliken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonard B.","family":"Kaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"12","volume-title":"Maximilian I, 1455\u20131519: An analytical biography","author":"Benecke G","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Changes in the nasal and labial soft tissues after surgical repositioning of the maxilla","volume":"8","author":"Betts NJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1998.tb03729.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32062"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(84)90109-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-196202000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-196811000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"The mandibular prognathism of the Spanish Habsburgs","volume":"37","author":"H\u00e4rle F","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bull Hist Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"601","article-title":"The Habsburg jaw","volume":"104","author":"Hart GD","year":"1971","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1977.03280120061018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"Otto von Hapsburg, a Would\u2010Be Monarch, Dies at 98, in The New York Times","author":"Kulish N","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"The Habsburgs and the \u201cHabsburg jaw","volume":"30","author":"Loevy HT","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bull Hist Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/072111-461.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/17.2.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Nasal anatomy and maxillary surgery. 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