{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T06:48:28Z","timestamp":1767854908277,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]],"date-time":"2015-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1, EC 5.4.2.2) plays a critical role in glucose homeostasis and is also essential for protein N\u2010glycosylation. The main clinical manifestations of PGM1 deficiency (MIM 614921) reported in 19 patients from different ethnic backgrounds include the following: cleft uvula\/palate, Pierre Robin sequence, muscle weakness, dilated cardiomyopathy, growth retardation, elevated serum transaminases, hypoglycemia, and various endocrine abnormalities. We report the variable clinical picture of seven patients with PGM1 deficiency from a consanguineous family. Medical records of the patients were reviewed for clinical details and endocrine evaluation. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed. Seven patients aged 2\u201329 years were included, one patient died at 13 years old when getting off the school bus. All patients have an abnormal palatine structure (cleft palate, bifid uvula) and elevated serum transaminases, 4\/7 have short stature (&lt;\u22122 SDS) and one was diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency. Recurrent episodes of ketotic hypoglycemia were present in 6\/7 patients. In two patients, hypoglycemic episodes have spontaneously resolved later on. Four out of seven patients have deteriorating adrenal function with abnormally low cortisol and ACTH levels during hypoglycemia and subnormal response of cortisol to low dose ACTH test . Serum electrolytes were within normal range. Hydrocortisone replacement therapy improved, but not entirely eliminated hypoglycemic episodes. WES revealed a previously described homozygous mutation c.112A&gt;T, p.Asn38Tyr in the PGM1 gene. The clinical picture of PGM1 deficiency is variable among patients with the same mutation and genetic background. ACTH deficiency should be considered in any PGM1 deficient patient with hypoglycemia. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.37294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]],"date-time":"2015-08-19T11:03:24Z","timestamp":1439982204000},"page":"3139-3143","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Phosphoglucomutase\u20101 deficiency: Intrafamilial clinical variability and common secondary adrenal insufficiency"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"Neta","family":"Loewenthal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes Unit Soroka Medical University Center Faculty of Health Sciences Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alon","family":"Haim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes Unit Soroka Medical University Center Faculty of Health Sciences Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruti","family":"Parvari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics Faculty of Health Sciences National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Hershkovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes Unit Soroka Medical University Center Faculty of Health Sciences Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-014-9757-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"6322","article-title":"The crystal structure of muscle","volume":"267","author":"Dai JB","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207969"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"241","article-title":"Polymorphism of gonadotropin action: Clinical implications","volume":"2","author":"Huhtaniemi IT","year":"2000","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.597914"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-55-3-441"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(81)90101-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"20244","article-title":"Melanocortin\u20102 receptor accessory protein MRAP forms antiparallel homodimers","volume":"104","author":"Sebag JA","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0901158"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2013.00143"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1206605"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajmg.a.37294","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.37294","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T23:27:23Z","timestamp":1696634843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.37294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajmg.a.37294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.37294","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4825","1552-4833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-4825","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]]}}}