{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T13:26:30Z","timestamp":1791206790072,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,23]],"date-time":"2015-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Biomarin Pharmaceuticals"},{"name":"Michael J. Goldberg Skeletal Dysplasia fund"},{"name":"Genzyme - Speaker's honoraria and travel reimbursement"},{"name":"UpToDate.com - Royalties"},{"name":"Alexion - Grant support"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Achondroplasia is the most common inherited disorder of bone growth (skeletal dysplasia). Despite this fact, consistent and evidence\u2010based management approaches to recognized, life\u2010threatening complications, such as foramen magnum stenosis, are lacking. This study aims to outline best practice, based on evidence and expert consensus, regarding the diagnosis, assessment, and management of foramen magnum stenosis in achondroplasia during infancy. A panel of 11 multidisciplinary international experts on skeletal dysplasia was invited to participate in a Delphi process. They were: 1) presented with a list of 26 indications and a thorough literature review, 2) given the opportunity to anonymously rate the indications and discuss in face to face discussion; 3) edit the list and rate it in a second round. Those indications with more than 80% agreement were considered as consensual. After two rounds of rating and a face\u2010to\u2010face meeting, consensus was reached to support 22 recommendations for the evaluation and treatment of foramen magnum stenosis in infants with achondroplasia. These recommendations include indications for surgical decompression, ventriculomegaly, and hydrocephalus, sleep\u2010disordered breathing, physical exams and the use of polysomnography and imaging in this condition. We present a consensus\u2010based best practice guidelines consisting of 22 recommendations. It is hoped that these guidelines will lead to more uniform and structured evaluation, standardizing care pathways, and improving mortality and morbidity outcomes for this cohort. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.37394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,23]],"date-time":"2015-09-23T08:51:05Z","timestamp":1442998265000},"page":"42-51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Best practices in the evaluation and treatment of foramen magnum stenosis in achondroplasia during infancy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"Klane K.","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Bompadre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine 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