{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:59:48Z","timestamp":1791269988803,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,29]],"date-time":"2016-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Texas Department of State Health Services Maternal Child Health Block Grant"},{"name":"Texas Department of State Health Services Title V Office"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association Grant","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["16GRNT29660001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16GRNT29660001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Hypospadias is one of the most common birth defects in male infants. Maternal hypertension is a suspected risk factor; however, few previous studies have addressed the possibility of reporting bias, and several previous studies have not accounted for hypospadias severity. We analyzed data from the Texas Birth Defects Registry for 10,924 nonsyndromic cases and statewide vital records for deliveries during 1999\u20132009, using Poisson regression. After adjustment for potential confounders, hypospadias was associated with maternal hypertension (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.4\u20131.7). Similar associations were observed with gestational and pregestational hypertension, including separate analyses restricted to the subset of cases with severe (second\u2010 or third\u2010degree) hypospadias. All of these associations were also similar among the subset of cases with isolated hypospadias (without additional birth defects). To evaluate the potential for bias due to potential hypertension misclassification, we repeated our analyses using logistic regression, comparing the cases to controls with other birth defects. In these analyses, the associations with gestational hypertension were similar, but adjusted associations with pregestational hypertension were no longer observed. Our findings support an association between gestational hypertension and hypospadias in offspring, but also suggest that previously observed associations with pregestational hypertension may have been inflated due to differential misclassification of hypertension (e.g., reporting bias). As gestational hypertension is recognized after hypospadias development, more research is needed to determine if this association reflects an increase in gestational hypertension risk secondary to hypospadias or if both conditions have shared risk factors (e.g., precursors of gestational hypertension). \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.37947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,29]],"date-time":"2016-08-29T06:43:13Z","timestamp":1472452993000},"page":"3125-3132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Maternal hypertension and risk for hypospadias in offspring"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"A. 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Environmental Sciences, Human Genetics Center University of Texas School of Public Health Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duong","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children's Hospital Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Nassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Centre for Health Policy The University of Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Canfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch Texas Department of State Health Services Austin 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