{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T14:45:10Z","timestamp":1783608310787,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]],"date-time":"2017-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AR064258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AR064258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>PHACE syndrome is the association of segmental facial hemangiomas with congenital arterial, brain, cardiac, and ocular anomalies. Structural brain malformations affect 41\u201352% of PHACE patients and can be associated with focal neurologic deficits, developmental delays, and\/or intellectual disability. To better characterize the spectrum of structural brain and other intracranial anomalies in PHACE syndrome, MRI scans of the head\/neck were retrospectively reviewed in 55 patients from the PHACE Syndrome International Clinical Registry and Genetic Repository. All registry patients with a diagnosis of definite PHACE syndrome who had MRI scans of satisfactory quality were included. Of 55 patients, 34 (62%) demonstrated \u22651 non\u2010vascular intracranial anomaly; structural brain malformations were present in 19 (35%). There was no difference in the prevalence of brain anomalies between genders. Brain anomalies were more likely in patients with S1 and\/or S2 distribution of facial hemangioma. The most common structural brain defects were cerebellar hypoplasia (25%) and fourth ventricle abnormalities (13%). Dandy\u2013Walker complex and malformations of cortical development were present in 9% and 7%, respectively. Extra\u2010axial findings such as pituitary anomalies (18%) and intracranial hemangiomas (18%) were also observed. Six patients (11%) had anomalies of the globes or optic nerve\/chiasm detectable on MRI. Brain malformations comprise a diverse group of structural developmental anomalies that are common in patients with PHACE syndrome. Along with brain malformations, numerous abnormalities of the pituitary, meninges, and globes were observed, highlighting the need for careful radiologic assessment of these structures in the neuroimaging workup for PHACE syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.38523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]],"date-time":"2017-11-24T07:03:23Z","timestamp":1511507003000},"page":"48-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Structural malformations of the brain, eye, and pituitary gland in PHACE syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"176","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8209-122X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack E.","family":"Steiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garrett N.","family":"McCoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher P.","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California San Francisco San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William B.","family":"Dobyns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Genetics Division University of Washington Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise W.","family":"Metry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children's Hospital Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth A.","family":"Drolet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohit","family":"Maheshwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn H.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2011.01540.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00687825"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.08.025"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.67.5.0684","article-title":"Lesions in Meckel's cave: Variable presentation and pathology","volume":"67","author":"Beck D. 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