{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T16:46:48Z","timestamp":1769878008968,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]],"date-time":"2018-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"VENI Grant","award":["016.095.060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["016.095.060"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>47,XXY (KS) occurs in 1:650 male births, though less than 25% are ever identified. We assessed stability of neurocognitive features across diverse populations and quantified factors mediating outcome. Forty\u2010four boys from the Netherlands (NL) and 54 boys from the United States (US) participated. The Wechsler Intelligence Scales assessed intellectual functioning; the ANT program evaluated cognitive function; and the CBCL assessed behavioral functioning. ANOVA was used for group comparisons. Hierarchical regressions assessed variance explained by each independent variable: parental education, timing of diagnosis, testosterone, age, and nationality. Parental education, timing of diagnosis, and hormonal treatment all played an important role in neurocognitive performance. The observed higher IQ and better attention regulation in the US group as compared to the NL group was observed with decreased levels of behavioral problems in the US group. Cognitive measures that were different between the NL and US groups, i.e., attention regulation and IQ scores, were also significantly influenced by external factors including timing of diagnosis, testosterone treatment, and parental education. On the ANT, a cognitive phenotype of 47,XXY was observed, with similar scores on 9 out of the 10 ANT subtests for the NL and US groups. This study lays additional features to the foundation for an algorithm linking external variables to outcome on various neurodevelopmental measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.38621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]],"date-time":"2018-02-09T06:26:49Z","timestamp":1518157609000},"page":"877-885","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["International investigation of neurocognitive and behavioral phenotype in 47,XXY (Klinefelter syndrome): Predicting individual differences"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"176","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9941-0568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carole","family":"Samango\u2010Sprouse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Focus Foundation Davidsonville Maryland"},{"name":"George Washington University Washington District of Columbia"},{"name":"Florida International University Miami Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Stapleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Focus Foundation Davidsonville Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selena","family":"Chea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Focus Foundation Davidsonville Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Lawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Focus Foundation Davidsonville Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Sadeghin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Focus Foundation Davidsonville Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Cappello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Focus Foundation Davidsonville Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"de Sonneville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Rapenburg Leiden Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"van Rijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Rapenburg Leiden Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0223(199704)17:4<363::AID-PD79>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist Burlington","author":"Achenbach T. M.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021491"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(72)80586-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Amsterdam neuropsychological tasks: A computer\u2010aided assessment program","volume":"6","author":"de Sonneville L. M. J.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Computers in Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Amsterdam neuropsychological tasks: Scientific and clinical applications","volume":"1","author":"de Sonneville L. M. J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tijdschrift voor Neuropsychologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000232162"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Hollingshead A. B.(1975). Four\u2010factor index of social status. Unpublished manuscript Department of Sociology Yale University."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20010101)98:1<25::AID-AJMG1015>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.02.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617711000312"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03545.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10394"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289103000305"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13633-016-0029-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1974.tb02260.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01213097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.12.2218"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-69644-2_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708002869"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.02.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-0719"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000087313"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001163-200207000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.35769"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31437"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36483"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31353"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp3303_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024458618172"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.GIM.0000095626.54201.D0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e31824501c8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children\u2010(WISC\u2010III)","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","volume-title":"WAIS\u2010III NL. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale WAIS\u2010III","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12203"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajmg.a.38621","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.38621","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.38621","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.38621","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T13:44:35Z","timestamp":1693230275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.38621"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajmg.a.38621"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.38621","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4825","1552-4833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-4825","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]]}}}