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Whereas previous work has sought to understand the mechanisms for this increased mortality, most studies analyze viable twin pregnancies or liveborn twin cohorts. In the Wisconsin Stillbirth Service Program cohort of 3,137 stillbirths and second trimester miscarriages, we identified 175 twin pregnancies for a twinning rate of 56\/1,000, which is approximately double the general population. The excess of twins among miscarriages and stillbirths was attributable to MC pairs as the incidence of dizygotic (DZ) twinning was not increased compared to livebirth data. The leading causes of fetal demise among twins were twin\u2013twin transfusion, acardia, and twin\u2013twin disruption. Maternal causes of death, primarily premature rupture of membranes, were moderately increased in both MC and DZ twins relative to singletons. Although deceased twins were smaller than expected for viable twins at comparable gestational ages, placenta weights of deceased MC pairs were large compared to combined fetal weight, which indicates placental inefficiency likely due to vascular shunting. Co\u2010twin survival was much lower for MC than for DZ pairs. Therefore, earlier diagnosis and treatment of MC twinning complications may decrease prenatal mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T04:48:58Z","timestamp":1548046138000},"page":"350-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Early demise of twins in a cohort of stillbirths and second trimester miscarriages"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"179","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2608-9459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin","family":"Korlesky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Genetics Marshfield Clinic Research Institute  Marshfield Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6374-2330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"McPherson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Genetics Marshfield Clinic Research Institute  Marshfield Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2009.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12363"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2015-206302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23581"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der213"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.04.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2012.05.011"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births final data for 2016","volume":"67","author":"Martin J. 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