{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T22:38:55Z","timestamp":1780353535760,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RC2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The tubulinopathies refer to a wide range of brain malformations caused by mutations in one of the seven genes encoding different tubulin's isotypes. The \u03b2\u2010tubulin isotype III (<jats:italic>TUBB3<\/jats:italic>) gene has a primary function in <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www-sciencedirect-com.opbg.clas.cineca.it\/topics\/medicine-and-dentistry\/neurogenesis\">nervous system development<\/jats:ext-link> and axon generation and maintenance, due to its neuron\u2010specific expression pattern. A recurrent heterozygous mutation, c.1228G\u2009&gt;\u2009A; p.E410K, in <jats:italic>TUBB3<\/jats:italic> gene is responsible of a rare disorder clinically characterized by congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscle type 3 (CFEOM3), intellectual disability and a wide range of neurological and endocrine abnormalities. Other mutations have been described spanning the entire gene and genotype\u2013phenotype correlations have been proposed. We report on a 3\u2010year\u2010old boy in whom clinical exome sequencing allowed to identify a de novo <jats:italic>TUBB3<\/jats:italic> E410K mutation as the molecular cause underlying a complex phenotype characterized by a severe bilateral palpebral ptosis refractory to eye surgery, psychomotor delay, absent speech, hypogonadism, celiac disease, and cyclic vomiting. Brain MRI revealed thinning of the corpus callosum with no evidence of malformation cortical dysplasia. We reviewed available records of patients with <jats:italic>TUBB3<\/jats:italic> E410K mutation and compared their phenotype with the clinical outcome of patients with other mutations in <jats:italic>TUBB3<\/jats:italic> gene. The present study confirms that <jats:italic>TUBB3<\/jats:italic> E410K results in a clinically recognizable phenotype, unassociated to the distinct cortical dysplasia caused by other mutations in the same gene. Early molecular characterization of <jats:italic>TUBB3<\/jats:italic> E410K syndrome is critical for targeted genetic counseling and prompt prospective care in term of neurological, ophthalmological, endocrine, and gastrointestinal follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T08:20:17Z","timestamp":1592900417000},"page":"1977-1984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["<scp><i>TUBB3<\/i> E410K<\/scp> syndrome: Case report and review of the clinical spectrum of <scp><i>TUBB3<\/i><\/scp> mutations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"182","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9505-5906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria L.","family":"Dentici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome  Rome 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Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Lanari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Genetics Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Novelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Genetics Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Sinibaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Vecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome  Rome 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