{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:42:56Z","timestamp":1777923776094,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrognathia (recessed chin) and prognathism (prominent chin) often present as signs of an underlying condition. Accurate clinical definitions are important. Yet their definitions were according to \u201cclinical impression\u201d, or to seldom used X\u2010ray criteria. We propose a statistical and anthropometric definition of retrognathia and prognathism based upon the ratio between the goniomaxillar length (distance between the gonion at the mandible angle and the subnasale and the goniomandibular length (distance between the mandible angle and the most anterior point of the bony chin). We assumed that an increase in the ratio indicates retrognathia and a decrease reflects prognathism. We conducted a prospective, observational, anthropometric study in 204 consecutive healthy term infants. Measurements took place on the second day of life, using sliding calipers. Mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> of goniomandibular length (5.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 cm), goniomaxillar length (5.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 cm), were calculated. All measurements correlated significantly with gestational age, and with infant birthweight. The mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> goniomaxillar length\/goniomandibular length ratio was 1.06\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05. We defined a normal ratio as being within 2 <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> of the mean, that is, between 0.96 and and 1.16. This ratio correlated with neither gestational age nor with birthweight. We conclude that the goniomaxillar length\/goniomandibular length ratio can be calculated whenever retro \u2010 or prognathism is suspected. A ratio outside of the 95% confidence interval should help in making this diagnosis. An increase in this ratio beyond 2 <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> above the mean (1.16) could be interpreted as retrognathia and a decrease beyond 2 <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> below the mean (0.96) as prognathism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T12:23:44Z","timestamp":1602159824000},"page":"46-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The goniomaxillar length\/goniomandibular length ratio in normal newborn infants: A clinical tool for defining chin position abnormalities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Galit","family":"Mimouni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology the Rabin Medical Center (Beilinson campus)  Petach Tiqvah Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Merlob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology the Rabin Medical Center (Beilinson campus)  Petach Tiqvah Israel"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology the Rabin Medical Center (Beilinson campus)  Petach Tiqvah Israel"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics The Sackler School of Medicine  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis B.","family":"Mimouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology the Rabin Medical Center (Beilinson campus)  Petach Tiqvah Israel"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics The Sackler School of Medicine  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4784-8696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alona","family":"Bin\u2010Nun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology Shaare Zedek Medical Center  Jerusalem Israel"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics The Hebrew University of Jerusalem  Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32612"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00351"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.42941"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man OMIM\u00ae. Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD. MIM Number: 117550: Date last edited January 23 2020. World Wide Web URL:https:\/\/omim.org\/entry\/117550"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man OMIM\u00ae. Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD. MIM Number: 176700: Date last edited October 14 2016. World Wide Web URL:https:\/\/omim.org\/entry\/176700"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man OMIM\u00ae. Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD. MIM Number: 164210: Date last edited 07\/09\/2019a. World Wide Web URL:https:\/\/omim.org\/entry\/164210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man OMIM\u00ae. Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD. MIM Number: 217980: Date last edited January 15 2019b. World Wide Web URL:https:\/\/omim.org\/entry\/217980"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.37735"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1997_034_0240_tjingd_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Vermont Oxford Network Database Manual of Operations for Infants Born in 2003 (Release 7.0).Burlington Vt:Vermont Oxford Network;2002"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.61904","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.61904","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.61904","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T07:02:08Z","timestamp":1693810928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.61904"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajmg.a.61904"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.61904","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4825","1552-4833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-4825","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-02-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}