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A series of key questions were formulated a priori to inform the search strategy and review process; addressed prevalence, severity, etiology, risk factors, preventive methods, screening, and financial costs, potential benefits or harms of screening. Using the National Library of Medicine database, PubMed, detailed literature searches on pneumonia and respiratory infections in Down syndrome were performed. Previously identified review articles were also assessed. The quality of available evidence was then evaluated and knowledge gaps were identified. Forty\u2010two relevant original articles were identified which addressed at least one key question. Study details including research design, internal validity, external validity, and relevant results are presented. Pneumonia and respiratory infections are more prevalent and more severe in individuals with Down syndrome compared to healthy controls through literature review, yet there are gaps in the literature regarding the etiology of pneumonia, the infectious organism, risk factors for infection, and to guide options for prevention and screening. There is urgent need for additional research studies in Down syndrome, especially in the time of the current COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T09:40:40Z","timestamp":1603100440000},"page":"286-299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Pneumonia and respiratory infections in Down syndrome: A scoping review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"185","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4172-0288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Santoro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Chicoine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advocate Medical Group Adult Down Syndrome Center Park Ridge Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan M.","family":"Jasien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Child Neurology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy Lu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Bulova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3009-3730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Capone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03720060014018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.36.2.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-0225"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckl103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0788"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2015.09.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198604000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61604"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.38512"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume-title":"The guide to good health for teens & adults with Down syndrome","author":"Chicoine B.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.35706"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13937"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.25917"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.03.040"},{"issue":"534","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Adults with Down's syndrome: The prevalence of complications and health care in the community","volume":"57","author":"Henderson A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.1999.00386.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"172","article-title":"Mortality and survival in Down syndrome in Taiwan","volume":"30","author":"Hou J. 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