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Nearly all are genetic in origin. We report a series of seven children with similar findings of chondrodysplasia and growth failure following early hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for pediatric non\u2010oncologic disease: hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis or HLH (five children, three with biallelic HLH\u2010associated variants [in <jats:italic>PRF1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>UNC13D<\/jats:italic>] and one with HLH secondary to visceral Leishmaniasis), one child with severe combined immunodeficiency and one with Omenn syndrome (both children had biallelic <jats:italic>RAG1<\/jats:italic> pathogenic variants). All children had normal growth and no sign of chondrodysplasia at birth and prior to their primary disease. After HSCT, all children developed growth failure, with standard deviation scores for height at or below \u22123. Radiographically, all children had changes in the spine, metaphyses and epiphyses, compatible with a spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia. Genomic sequencing failed to detect pathogenic variants in genes associated with osteochondrodysplasias. We propose that such chondrodysplasia with growth failure is a novel, rare, but clinically important complication following early HSCT for non\u2010oncologic pediatric diseases. The pathogenesis is unknown but could possibly involve loss or perturbation of the cartilage\u2010bone stem cell population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.62021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T05:37:10Z","timestamp":1609825030000},"page":"517-527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Chondrodysplasia and growth failure in children after early hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for non\u2010oncologic disorders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"185","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5322-7116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo D.","family":"Botto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetic Medicine Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah 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