{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:03:53Z","timestamp":1790420633024,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early diagnosis of Turner syndrome (TS) enables timely intervention and may improve outcomes, but many are still diagnosed late. The objectives of our study were to describe the age and clinical features leading to diagnosis of TS in a large referral center. We hypothesize that newer testing modalities, such as noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), may lead to a decline in the age of diagnosis. Medical records of TS patients followed at The Cincinnati Center for Pediatric and Adult TS Care between 1997 and 2016 were reviewed for age at diagnosis, karyotype, and clinical indication(s). Patients (&lt;18\u2009years) were included (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0239). Thirty\u2010seven percent of patients were diagnosed prenatally or neonatally (\u22641\u00a0month). The median age of diagnosis was 1.5 (IQR 0.0\u201310.0) years. If not made during those periods, the median age was 9.3 (IQR 3.2\u201312.5) years. The most common indications for diagnosis were before birth, unspecified prenatal testing (57%); in neonates\/infants, lymphedema (21%); in childhood, short stature (72%); and in adolescence, short stature (45%) followed by pubertal delay with short stature (22%). The age of TS diagnosis in our cohort is young. However, when the diagnosis is not made before 1\u00a0year, the median age of diagnosis has not changed in recent years. The age at diagnosis could decrease with prenatal testing, although our study may not have assessed a long enough period of increased use of NIPT. Together with an increase in provider clinical awareness, this may result in more age\u2010appropriate screening of comorbidities and earlier therapeutic intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.62459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T09:56:05Z","timestamp":1628848565000},"page":"3411-3417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Age at and indication for diagnosis of Turner syndrome in the pediatric population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"185","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7298-4959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Swauger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Backeljauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey","family":"Hornung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Shafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Casnellie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0135-4516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"Gutmark\u2010Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13633-018-0058-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003887.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-018-0976-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31675"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1374"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13394"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2.2.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/EP.a2019.0016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0430"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2016.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4439"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.23.5.885"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"Exclusion of chromosomal mosaicism: Tables of 90%, 95% and 99% confidence limits and comments on use","volume":"29","author":"Hook E. B.","year":"1977","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00340"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.049817"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"1148","article-title":"Age and height at diagnosis in Turner syndrome: Influence of parental height","volume":"88","author":"Massa G. G.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.34-9-420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-3414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17458\/per.vol16.2019.nvt.karyotypeturnersyndrome"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.03.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1554"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jhrs.JHRS_114_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.107390"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-972569"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0558"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.08.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000499915"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GIM.0b013e3181c684b2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.1771"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.5119"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.62459","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.62459","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.62459","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T04:01:18Z","timestamp":1692504078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.62459"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajmg.a.62459"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.62459","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4825","1552-4833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-4825","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}