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It has been suggested that the anticonvulsant\u2010exposed child with these subtle changes in facial features (the \u201canticonvulsant face\u201d) has a greater likelihood of having deficits in IQ in comparison with children exposed to the same anticonvulsants who do not have these features. 115 AED\u2010exposed children (40, PHT; 34, PB; and 41, CBZ) between 6.5 and 16\u2009years of age and 111 unexposed children matched by sex, race, and year in school were evaluated. The evaluations were (WISC\u2010III), physical examination with measurements of facial features and digits and photographs. The AED\u2010exposed children had cephalometric radiographs, but not the unexposed. Each parent had a similar examination of face and hands plus tests of intelligence. These AED\u2010exposed children showed an increased frequency of a short nose and anteverted nares, features of the \u201canticonvulsant face.\u201d Lateral skull radiographs showed a decrease in the angle between the anterior cranial base and nasal bone, which produces anteverted nares. Mean IQs were significantly lower on one or more IQ measures for the children with these facial features. Shortening of the distal phalanges and small fingernails correlated with the presence of a short nose in that child. The findings in 115 children exposed at conception to either phenytoin, phenobarbital, or carbamazepine, as monotherapy, confirmed the hypothesis that those with a short nose and anteverted nares had a lower IQ than exposed children without those features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.63511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T09:33:37Z","timestamp":1703151217000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Facial dysmorphology in children exposed in pregnancy to anticonvulsant medications correlates with deficits in <scp>IQ<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"194","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0259-4848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lewis B.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Genetics and Metabolism Unit Mass General for Children  Salem Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne\u2010Therese","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunt Consulting  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie A.","family":"Will","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Henry M. 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