{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T19:39:20Z","timestamp":1767382760204,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure at conception to phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PB), and carbamazepine (CBZ) has been associated with several different effects on the fetus, including hypoplasia of the distal phalanges, dysmorphic facial features, and structural abnormalities such as oral clefts and neural tube defects. One question is whether each of these antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) has the same effects or just similar effects. A systematic examination of the fingers of children exposed at conception to PHT, PB, or CBZ, as monotherapy, has been used to address this question. The findings in the examinations of the fingers of 115 AED\u2010exposed children (40, PHT; 34, PB; 41, CBZ) and their parents were compared to the findings in 111 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched children and their parents. The evaluations used were both subjective assessments and objective measurements. Shortening and narrowing of the fifth fingernail and an increased frequency of arch patterns in the dermal ridges were more common in PHT\u2010exposed children. A significant decrease in the length of the nail, but not width, occurred in the PB\u2010exposed children. Stiffness of the interphalangeal joints was more common in the CBZ\u2010exposed children. The findings in children exposed to PHT, PB, or CBZ, as monotherapy, showed that all three exposures in early pregnancy affected the fingers, but the effects were not the same. The most striking effects were present in PHT\u2010exposed children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.63620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T12:25:03Z","timestamp":1714134303000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Different fetal effects on fingers from exposure to phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"194","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0259-4848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lewis B.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Genetics and Metabolism Unit, Mass General for Children  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne\u2010Therese","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunt Consulting Associates  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108533"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(74)80615-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.10085"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.10044"},{"volume-title":"Finger prints, palms and soles","year":"1961","author":"Cummins H.","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420520503"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420350203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320350425"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(76)80414-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(75)80604-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1974.02110240031002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.08.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200104123441504"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.635111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199903)59:3<130::AID-TERA2>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2188"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320580309"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e6581"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"452","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome in women treated with phenobarbital monotherapy","volume":"45","author":"Jones K. 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